Jill Silos-Rooney, Ph.D. - ThoughtCo

The Great Things Of God - 1529 Words

Chapter 1: Reacquaint Getting to know missions again. â€Å"Expect great things from God. Attempt great things for God.† – William Carey â€Å"It is the duty of every Christian to be Christ to his neighbor.† – Martin Luther Jesus knelt to pray. He was facing the most momentous event in all history. The Righteous Father was about to mete out on Him the most awful punishment. So what does this Jesus do? Cry for help for Himself? No. He prays for His twelve brave, but vulnerable, followers. In a display of sacrifice, love, and selflessness, He asks His Father to protect them, unify them, overflow their joy, sanctify them. Jesus reminded His Father He was leaving them in the world for a mission. Rather than take them straight to glory, He†¦show more content†¦Our dream is for every follower of Jesus—every man, woman, child, every generation and every church—to live on mission for God. This does not necessarily mean becoming a missionary to Africa or India (although that may be the calling God has for you), but that you begin with obedience and trust and accept what is as plain as the nose on your face—you are commanded by Christ to be involved. We believe that the normal way to think about global missions is that missions = discipleship. A lot of people believe that global missions is only about evangelism, but to be effective evangelists, we are to be devoted disciples first. A fully devoted disciple will naturally be an evangelist from the overflow of their hearts and souls as they are grounded in the Word and attuned to the Sprit of God. If you are a disciple, then missions is your DNA and you will live daily on mission with Jesus. It is who you are and how you choose to live: living radically, passionately, sacrificially for a God who wants all to be saved. We want you to live a passionate, missional life for the Kingdom of God. Jesus has called every follower of His to be His messenger. Every disciple needs to rise up and carry the message of God s love, grace, forgiveness, and redemption with them through everyday stuff of life to the world out there. This is not just our dream, this is Jesus’ message to you, His disciples. â€Å"Therefore go and make disciples of

The Hunters Moonsong Chapter Thirty-Seven Free Essays

Ethan had Chloe, was holding her tightly in his arms like a parody of a lover’s embrace. Matt moaned deep in his throat and strained toward her, but he couldn’t move, couldn’t even open his mouth to shout. Chloe’s large brown eyes were fixed on his, and they were fil ed with terror. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Thirty-Seven or any similar topic only for you Order Now As Ethan bent his head to her neck, Matt held her gaze and tried to send Chloe a comforting message with his eyes. It’s okay, Chloe, he thought. Please, it won’t hurt for long. Be strong. Chloe whimpered, frozen, her eyes on Matt’s as if his steady gaze was the only thing keeping her from fal ing to pieces. Keeping his eyes on hers and his breathing slow, Matt tried to emanate calmness, tried to soothe Chloe, as his mind worked frantical y. Including Ethan, there were fifteen Vitales. Al of them vampires. The other Vitales were watching quietly from behind the altar, letting Ethan take the lead and sire the pledges. The bodies of four of the pledges lay at Ethan’s feet now. They’d be out of the picture for several hours at least, their bodies going through the transition that would take them from corpses to vampires. Including Matt and Chloe, there were six pledges left. The longer Matt waited to fight back, the worse the odds would get. But what could Matt do? If only he could break this involuntary stil ness, if only he weren’t a helpless prisoner. He tried again to move, this time focusing al his strength on lifting his right arm. His muscles tensed with effort, but after about thirty seconds of trying, he stopped in disgust. He was exhausting himself, and he wasn’t moving an inch. Whatever held him was strong. But if he could figure out a way to get free, then he’d be able to grab a torch from the wal , maybe. Beneath his robe, his pocket knife weighed heavily in his pants pocket. Vampires burned. Cutting off their heads would kil them. If he could just hold the vampires off long enough to pul Chloe and whichever other pledges he could grab out of the room, then he could come back later with reinforcements and fight them with a chance at winning. But if he couldn’t break this spel or compulsion that was holding him in place, any plan he came up with would be useless. Ethan raised his head from Chloe’s neck, his long sharp teeth pul ing out of her throat, and licked gently at the red blood trickling from the wound in her neck. â€Å"I know, sweetheart,† he murmured, â€Å"but it’s only for a moment. And then we’l live forever.† Chloe’s eyes glazed over and fluttered shut, but she was stil breathing, stil alive. There was stil a chance for her. At Ethan’s feet, Anna stirred and moaned. As Matt watched in horror, her eyes snapped open, and she looked up at Ethan, her expression confused but adoring. No! Matt thought. It’s too soon! As if he had caught the thought, Ethan turned to Matt and winked. â€Å"The herbs in the mixture you al drank worked to thin your blood and speed up your metabolism,† he said, his voice as casual and friendly as if they were chatting in the cafeteria. â€Å"I wasn’t sure if it would work, but it looks like it does. Makes the transition go a lot faster.† His smile widened. â€Å"I’m a biochem major, you know.† Ethan’s mouth was smeared with blood, and Matt shuddered but couldn’t look away from the golden eyes that held his. It’s possible, Matt thought for the first time, that I might not survive this. His stomach rol ed with nausea. He real y didn’t want to become a vampire. If the newly transformed pledges were waking up so soon, the already slim odds would quickly become impossible. New vampires, he remembered from Elena’s transformation back in the winter, awoke vicious, unreasoning, hungry, and fanatical y committed to the vampire who had changed them. Ethan lowered his head to bite at Chloe’s neck again, as Anna climbed to her feet with a fluid, inhuman grace. On the other side of the altar, Stuart was now beginning to stir, one long leg shifting restlessly against the dark wood of the floor. His throat burning with unvoiced sobs of frustration, Matt felt his last flame of hope begin to flicker and die. There was no escape. Suddenly, the door at the far end of the chamber burst inward, and Stefan swept in. Ethan looked up in surprise, but before he or the other vampires could move, Stefan flew across the chamber and ripped Chloe from Ethan’s arms. She fel flat in front of the altar, blood running down her neck. Matt couldn’t tel if she was stil breathing, stil clinging to life as a human, or not. Stefan grabbed Ethan by his long robe and slammed him against the wal . He shook the curly-haired vampire as easily as a dog might shake a rat. For a moment, the terrible fear that held Matt in its grip loosened. Stefan knew what was happening, Stefan had found him. Stefan would save them al . The other Vitales were racing toward Stefan now as he struggled with Ethan, their long robes flowing behind them as they smoothly came forward, moving as one. Stefan was without a doubt much stronger than any of them. He flung a black-clad female vampire – the one who had handed him the goblet, Matt thought – away from him easily, and she sailed across the chamber as if she was no heavier than a rag dol , landing in a crumpled heap against the opposite wal . Smiling viciously, Stefan tore at the throat of another with his teeth, and she fel to the ground and lay stil . But there were so many of them, and only one of Stefan. After just a few minutes of watching the fight, Matt could see that it was hopeless, and his heart sank. Stefan was much older, and much stronger, than any other vampire in the room, but together they outweighed him. The tide of the battle was turning, and they were overwhelming him through the sheer strength of their numbers. Ethan was free of him now, straightening his robes, and four of the Vitale vampires, working together, pinned Stefan’s arms behind him. Anna, her eyes shining, snapped at him viciously. Ethan grabbed a torch from the wal behind him and eyed Stefan speculatively, absently licking at the blood on the back of his hand. â€Å"You had your chance, Stefan,† he said, smiling. Stefan stopped struggling and hung limp between the vampires holding his arms. â€Å"Wait,† he said, looking up at Ethan. â€Å"You wanted me to join you. You begged me to join you. Do you stil want me?† Ethan tilted his head thoughtful y, his golden eyes bright. â€Å"I do,† he said. â€Å"But what can you tel me that’l make me believe you want to join us?† Stefan licked his lips. â€Å"Let Matt go. If you let him leave safely, I’l stay in his place.† He paused. â€Å"On my honor.† â€Å"Done,† Ethan said immediately. He flicked his fingers in the air without taking his eyes from Stefan, and Matt staggered, suddenly released from the compulsion that had held him in place. Matt sucked in one long breath and then ran straight for the altar and Chloe. Maybe it wasn’t too late. He could stil save her. â€Å"Stop.† Ethan’s voice cracked commandingly across the room. Matt froze in place, once again unable to move. Ethan glared at him. â€Å"You do not help. You do not fight,† he said coldly. â€Å"You go.† Matt looked imploringly at Stefan. Surely he wasn’t just supposed to leave, to abandon Chloe and Stefan and the others to the Vitale vampires. Stefan gazed back at him, his features rigid. â€Å"Sorry, Matt,† he said flatly. â€Å"The one thing I’ve learned over the years is that sometimes you have to surrender. The best thing you can do now is just leave. I’l be okay.† And then, jarringly intrusive and sudden in Matt’s head was Stefan’s voice. Damon, he said fiercely. Get Damon. Matt gulped and, as Ethan’s compulsion released him once more, nodded slowly, trying to look defeated while stil signaling to Stefan with his eyes that his message had been received. He couldn’t look at the other pledges. No matter how much he hurried, some or al of them would die before he returned. Maybe Stefan would be able to save some of them. Maybe. Maybe he would be able to save Chloe. His heart pounding with terror, his head spinning with fear, Matt ran for the exit and for help. He didn’t look back. How to cite The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Thirty-Seven, Essay examples

Organization Development and Change Management

Question: Discuss about the Organization Development and Change Management. Answer: Introduction The author in this assignment analyzes an article titled The critical challenges facing New Zealands chief executives: implications for management skills presented by Ann Hutchison and Peter Boxall. The aim is to analyze the article and mention the strength and weaknesses of the article. It mentions the challenges that the executives in New Zealand face that have an impact on the management. The article illustrates the management skills that are required to operate the organization. Three managerial skills are required to operate the business and the country efficiently. The three managerial skills are managing humans and the limited resources, managing business partners and stakeholders and managing uncertainty and transformation (Hutchison and Boxall 2014). The environment that the executives work in greatly affects the operation. This can be seen from the case of New Zealand where the executives face challenges due to the environment and the economy that they operate at. The aim o f the article is to recommend the executives of New Zealand to improve its managerial skills. Thesis statement or questions from statement Thesis statement: the thesis statement and question of the article is the challenges faced by the chief executives of New Zealand and its implication on the management. Chief executives are a body of authority that holds power and are placed above the managers and employees in an organization. The article identifies the challenges that the executives in New Zealand face and the reasons for the facing the difficulties. The article specifies the challenges that the executives of New Zealand face and the reason being challenging environment and economy of New Zealand. Challenges faced by the executives have an implication on the managerial skills and management (Ehambaranathan, Chalapati and Murugasu 2015). The question of the article is related to the challenges that the executives of New Zealand face and the skills that can be applied to overcome the challenges. It also specifies the environment and the economic condition of New Zealand and the way it affects the management department. Challenges faced by the executives have an implication on management. The financial condition of New Zealand is not good, due to which the executives have to face many challenges. The human resource department can be supportive to the development of skills of managers. The article is based on examining two hundred and sixty five executives of New Zealand and the challenges that they face in the economy. The country is at risk because of the global financial crisis in 2008-2009 that was followed by earthquake in 2010 (Walsh et al. 2002). Management team has many roles to play in an organization. New Zealand has many opportunities to grow and develop which if operated efficiently will lead to development and eradicate challenges that the country face. The challenges faced by New Zealand are due to brain drain, financial performance and economic condition of the country (Green et al. 2011). Strengths and weaknesses of the article The article explains the topic in detail and includes all the information that is necessary for the readers to understand. The article not only specifies the economic aspects and conditions of New Zealand but also the reasons for the condition. The article explains the challenges that executives face and its implication on the managerial skills. The article does not only is descriptive but also explains its findings using statistical tools and graphs. The article also clearly specifies the managerial skills and development that is required to manage the business and country effectively and efficiently. The article has explained the three sectors in New Zealand in detail that is the private, public, and non profit organization. The author has used integrative and descriptive approach to explain the article. The article explains the types of managerial skills that are the management of humans and limited resources, management of business partners and customers and management of uncerta inty and risk. The article specifies the roles of manager in different sectors and how best it can be utilized to improve the efficiency (Tyson 2014). The article is well arranged with an introduction that explains the topic. The body that contains all the information useful to explain the article and a conclusion that gives a conclusion and summary of the entire article. The article is written in an easy and readable language that is easy to understand for the readers. All the points in the article are clear and understandable (Daft and Marcic 2013). The weakness of the article is that it is made unnecessarily long that contains information, which makes the reading time consuming, and boring. The sample size of the article is 265 that are too small as the article has been carried out in large scale. The article should contain more pictures to make the reading interesting. The information that is provided about the country New Zealand can be shortened. In addition, the article should elaborate information on the roles and responsibilities of a manger in a country or business so that the readers will be able to understand what a manger actually does in the country. The article should contain more graphs and data to better understanding of the article (Panahi 2012). Hence, the article has both strengths and weaknesses. However, the article is well written that contains all the information that is required to clarify the topic. Personal viewpoint The organizational behavior is related to the case of New Zealand. The surroundings and environment greatly affects the executives in business and organizations as it creates a very challenging environment for them. However according to my view if a manger has a proper managerial skill then he will be able to work efficiently in any type of environment and economic condition. Managers have many roles and responsibilities in a nation. His work is to handle the operations of the country efficiently and utilize the opportunities at its best way. The aim of the executives should be to form such strategies that help the country grow and develop. Due to lack of organizational base, the brain drain scenario is hampering the country. The author agrees to the thesis statement of the article. As mentioned in the topic the article clearly specifies and reports the challenges that the chief executives of New Zealand face and its implication on the management. The entire article revolves around this topic and the thesis statement (Iravani 2011). Key points of the article The article has explained four key points. The first is the brain drain scenario that occurs due to lack of organizational base in New Zealand. The other challenges of New Zealand are due to global financial crisis, emigration, and migration. The other key points of the article are management of country by a team of efficient chief executives. The executives have three managerial skills to manage the business and organizations. New Zealand has many opportunities for growth and development that can be managed if handled efficiently (Mitchell 2013). Conclusion To conclude it can be said that the country has many challenges that affects the management and the managerial skills of the country. The article has analyzed two hundred and sixty five executives of New Zealand to analyze the challenges and productivity of the country. Although, the executives emigrate to different countries for career growth but this can be restricted by developing different skills like team building, job design as well as different skills like communication, interpersonal and innovation skills. References Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Daft, R.L. and Marcic, D., 2013.Building management skills: An action-first approach. Cengage Learning. Ehambaranathan, E., Chalapati, S. and Murugasu, S., 2015. The Determinants of Income towards Brain Drain-The Case of Malaysians in New Zealand.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,5(1), p.212. Green R, R Agarwal, P Brown, H Tan and K Randhawa 2011. Management matters in New Zealand: How does manufacturing measure up? Ministry of Economic Development, Wellington. www .med.govt.nz/about-us/publications/publications-by-topic/occasional-papers/2011-occasional -papers/11-03-pdf (Accessed 26 Sep. 2016) Hutchison, A. and Boxall, P., 2014. The critical challenges facing New Zealand's chief executives: implications for management skills.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,52(1), pp.23-41. Iravani, M.R., 2011. Brain drain problem: A review.International Journal of Business and Social Science,2(15). Mitchell, B., 2013.Resource environmental management. Routledge. Panahi, R., 2012. Factors affecting the brain drain from Iran.Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research,2(3), pp.3003-15. Tyson, S., 2014.Essentials of human resource management. Routledge. Walsh P, J Bryson and Z Lonti 2002. Jack be nimble, Jill be quick: HR capability and organisational agility in the New Zealand public and private sectors. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 40(2), 179194.

The Gross Clinic Essay Example For Students

The Gross Clinic Essay In 1874, Thomas Eakins took a second course in anatomy at Jefferson Medical College. He attended surgical lectures and clinics presided over by Professor Samuel D. Gross. Eakins painted The Gross Clinic, to show the emotion involved in medical procedures. It appears as if the doctors performing the surgery have emotionally removed themselves from the situation at hand. By removing themselves from the emotional aspects of the surgery, the doctors can complete the task much easier than they would have been able to do if they had become emotionally attached to the patient. Had the doctors been emotionally involved in the surgery, they would have become more prone to making errors while operating on the patient because they would be thinking more of their feelings than they would about the surgery in progress. Although emotions are great and necessary things, sometimes trying to remove them is for the best. Another thing noticed by the viewer is the veiled woman crying next to the doctor. We will write a custom essay on The Gross Clinic specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She is very involved in this operation by letting her emotions freely show themselves. This woman could be the mother or siblings of the patient, and while she knows that the surgery was necessary to save or improve the life of her beloved, it is difficult to watch. By putting emotions out into the open, as the woman has done, makes them easier to deal with. Keeping feelings bottled up inside can cause breakdowns and emotional instability. This adds another layer of complexity to the surgery. Performing the task would require enough of the doctors skill, but mix emotion into the equation, and the work, mentally as well as physically, is doubled. In the painting, Gross appears to be feeling a various assortment of emotions. He has paused his surgery and lecture, to deeply think about something. While he must keep his feelings in check, he also needs to by sincere for the sake of the patients mother and the students in the surgical amphitheatre. The head of the doctor is placed against a dark background, making it stand out. This creates a dividing layer of emotions. This emotion layer divides the onlookers, who have no real intentions other than to observe the lecture, from the actual participants involved in the surgery. The people in the foreground, whether fighting to get rid of them or choosing to let them to flow out, are dealing with some sort of feelings. The lighting of the head, allows the viewer to see the high forehead, deep set eyes, and furrowed brow of Professor Gross. The background also appears flat, making the eye drawn to the foreground. This effect gives Gross more of an emotional presence than that of the onlookers. All of these techniques are used to show emotion. In 1874, Eakins took a risk painting this oil on canvas picture of an ongoing surgery. People of the time thought it was too vulgar and graphic. By standing by his first decision of including the reality aspect of the surgery, Eakins helped to broaden the minds of some stern critics. His painting, showing the power of emotions, has become and American classic.

8 Tips for Students Starting College

8 Tips for Students Starting College With so many options available for college students, knowing how to make wise choices becomes critical for success. These eight tips can help set you up for a strong first-year experience. 1. Goto Class This is number one for a reason. College is an amazing experience, but you cant stay if you fail your courses. Missing class is one of the worst things you can do. Remember: your goal is to graduate. How are you going to do that if you cant even make it to class regularly?​ 2. Participate in Events Early on- Especially During Orientation Lets be honest: not all events aimed at first-year students are super exciting. Tours of the library and silly-sounding mixers may not be your thing. But they connect you to the campus, help you meet people, and prepare you for academic success. So roll your eyes if you must, but go.​ 3. Don't Go Home Every Weekend This can be especially tempting if you have a boyfriend or girlfriend at home or if you live close to your school. But going home every weekend prevents you from connecting with other students, getting comfortable with your campus, and making it your new home.​ 4. Take Risks Do things that are outside of your comfort zone. Never been to a program that explored a certain religion? Never tried a kind of food thats available in the cafeteria? Never introduced yourself to someone from a certain country? Step outside of your comfort zone and take some risks. You went to college to learn new stuff, right?​ 5. Sign Up for a Class You Know Nothing About Just because youre pre-med doesnt mean you cant take a course in astronomy. Expand your horizons and take a subject you never even considered.​ 6. Learn How to Say "No" This may be one of the most challenging skills to learn when youre first in school. But saying yes to everything that sounds fun, interesting, and exciting will lead you to trouble. Your academics will suffer, your time management will be horrible, and youll burn yourself out.​ 7. Ask for Help BeforeIt's Too Late Colleges are generally pretty good places; no one there wants to see you do poorly. If youre struggling in a class, ask your professor for help or go to a tutoring center. If youre having a hard time adjusting, talk to someone in the counseling center. Fixing a smaller problem is almost always easier than fixing a big one.​ 8. Stay on Top of Your Finances and Financial Aid It can be easy to forget that appointment with the Financial Aid Office or that deadline by which you had to submit a simple form. If you let your finances slip, however, you can quickly find yourself in a lot of trouble. Make sure youre sticking with ​your budget throughout the semester and that you always know the status of your financial aid package.

Biography of Pancho Villa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biography of Pancho Villa - Essay Example Villa was notorious for his short temper and cruelty, particularly towards women.   His Indian heritage gave him a deep knowledge of the land, making him a excellent guerilla fighter. He was drafted into the 14th  Calvary Regiment in 1903. He deserted and joined the revolutionary forces of Francisco Madero in 1910. (Becker). After Madero’s ouster, Villa escaped to the United States in 1912.   By the end of 1914, he returned to Mexico, formed the Division del Norte and joined the revolution against Victoriano Huerta, along with other revolutionaries such as  Venustiano Carranza  and  Emiliano Zapata. He also served as provisional governor of Chihuahua in 1913-1914. Villa was often in conflict with other military groups and even fought with U.S. troops from 1916 to 1917. In 1920, Villa was given a pardon in return for stopping his independent military activities.   (Biography.com). On July 20, 1923, Villa was driving past the intersection of Benito Juà ¡rez and Gabino Barreda in Maturana, when he was assassinated and killed instantly. Villa is remembered for fighting for the causes of the poor and his opposition to foreign exploitation of his country.

Executive Summary- Wal-Mart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Executive Summary- Wal-Mart - Essay Example Sam Walton’s key growth strategy for Wal-Mart was to open stores in isolated rural areas and small towns typically with populations of 5,000 to 25,000 that all the other major discount chains were ignoring and provide them with goods and services at competitive prices. This way Wal-Mart was able to tap into the market segment that previously had to drive up to four hours away to the cities to do their shopping. However, this preference for rural areas meant that Wal-Mart had to endure a more costly distribution channel than its competitors. To mitigate against this weakness, Sam Walton took the company public in 1972 to raise the capital required for Wal-Mart to build its own warehouses to serve its â€Å"boondocks† stores (Bradley & Ghemawat, 2002) and thus lower its cost of goods sold. In the 80s Wal-Mart finally came of age. It opened its now phenomenal Sam’s Club members-warehouse store in 1983, its first Supercenter in 1988, and by the end of that decade it had revenues in excess of US $26 billion from 1,402 Wal-Mart stores and 123 Sam’s Clubs. Company key facts Presently, Wal-Mart operates in three business segments: Wal-Mart and Sam’s Club in the United States, and Wal-Mart International in 14 countries and Puerto Rico. Its retail stores are organized under 53 different banners across the world. It has a workforce of 2.1 million associates worldwide who serve customers and members more than 200 million times per week. In the fiscal year 2010 the company achieved sales of US $405 billion. (â€Å"Walmartstores.com: About Us,† 2011). Products and services Wal-Mart U.S. is a one-stop shop. It has divided its business into six strategic merchandise units across its various store formats namely: grocery, entertainment, hardlines, apparel, health and wellness and home merchandise. Within these merchandise units there is an array of products and services to be found. In addition to that, Wal-Mart U.S. segment also offers financial services and products, markets lines of merchandise under its private-label store brands – such as Parent’s Choice, Great Value, No Boundaries, etc. – and also markets lines of merchandise under licensed brands such as Disney, Black & Decker, Just My Size etc. (â€Å"Wal Mart Stores Inc (WMT.N) Company Profile | Reuters.com,† 2011). Sam’s Club also offers its membership a collection of products and services online at www.samsclub.com. Company’s vision statement and purpose Wal-Mart has continued to embody within its corporate culture the vision of its founder, Sam Walton, who came up with the organization’s purpose: â€Å"If we work together, we’ll lower the cost of living for everyone†¦we’ll give the world an opportunity to see what it’s like to save and have a better life.†(Farfan, n.d.). This belief has been engrained into the organization through unique sets of best practices that are carried out daily within Wal-Mart. For example managers are encouraged to be open and accessible to all employe es through the open door policy, questions from anyone – supplier, customer or employee – need to be answered on the same day (the sundown rule), and associates must make eye contact, greet and offer help to customers who come within a ten feet radius (the 10 foot rule). The open door policy makes Wal-Mart’s associates to feel appreciated and thus increases their commitment to better customer service. The sundown rule ensures that there is a quick turnaround of solutions to solve any

Fundamentals of economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fundamentals of economics - Essay Example Some people are intended to spend loads of money and they also easily can do. We will see how rise in prices affect the living standards. There are so many elements in the standards of living. These are not only consumer goods but also there are some elements included in standards of living that cannot be purchased or are not under our control for example environmental quality and the services provided by the government. 2 Decline in living standard is not because of rise in prices. There are so many elements affecting the standards of living. 1. There have been a general slowdown in economic growth (the growth in the amount of goods and services produced) and in the growth of national income (the sum of all the income received in the nations). This means that the size of the income pie available to be divided among the families is growing very slowly than before. The prices of goods plays important roles for spending life, it can make life easy if prices of goods and services are low and it can creates more difficulties it prices are very high. But it does not mean to decline the standards of living. Standards of living depend on many factors. We have seen the factors those are affecting the standards of living and those are not affecting. There are also many other elements such as education, quality of education, health facilities.3 It can be defined as the income of the individuals or people after adjusting for inflation. It can be measured by subtracting the inflation from the nominal income. Mathematically it can be written as: Real income is a more useful indicator of well-being; it is based on the amount of goods and services that can be purchased with the income. It involves real variables as real income, real GDP and real interest rates. These real variables can be measured in physical units (standards of measurements of physical quantities)4. Nominal Income is the income that has

Effects Of Biodiversity Loss And Climate Change

Effects Of Biodiversity Loss And Climate Change Biodiversity is defined as the set of all living organisms and species on land and all natural things around them such as: oceans, rivers, mountains, deserts, land, forests, jungles, animals, plants, atmosphere, heaven and humans. Climate change: climate change is affecting biodiversity so that this becomes a major threat to biodiversity in the coming decades. Since this originated? Although throughout the history of the Earth climate has always changed with the ecosystems and species that came and went, rapid climate change affects ecosystems and the ability of species to adapt and thus increases the loss of biodiversity. While the loss of biodiversity increases the life of humans at risk enters e.g. climate change can dry the water taking into account global warming, and if no water, no human, this would also affect plants as without water, photosynthesis cannot be performed, also with animals and plants not animals without human life disappears. So if biodiversity has this enormou s threat we are under this threat also already there are evidence of how species are responding to global warming. Some examples are as follows: In Costa Ricas golden toad May Have Become Extinct Due to Their Inability to Adapt to Changing temperature Birds like the blue jay in Arizona are starting to reproduce early. Alpine plants are moving to Higher latitudes in Austria Such mammals as Arctic polar bears are feeling the ravages of global warming on ice decline The surface temperatures of the Seas Have produced a Phenomenon of coral bleaching, Yielding by an alga (Which Gives color to the coral) by high temperature, alters nutrient production Penguin Populations Have fallen by 33% in parts of Antarctica In Antarctic poles are melting because of climate change, and this at a major threat to the world as these poles melting caused sea level rise and it will cause flooding and losses till some cities on the coast, I chose these two themes primarily for their long relationship and sec ondly by providing extensive information with which I can learn and study the origins of biodiversity loss and that I can do to avoid it Why biodiversity is important? Life has been able to adapt to the most diverse places on earth, from microscopic creatures that habit in the icy landscapes of the poles to creatures that live in warmer places, since the birds that fly at high altitudes than fish living in depths of the ocean, our planet is full of living organisms. All of them are part of the history of the world in the last 3.5 billion years, which means since the onset of the first cell. Just the study of early life forms, has allowed us to see how they have evolved from the simplest of bacteria to the most complex. And even though we all know that in reality we are only able to identify with a name 10 percent of them, the remaining 90 percent are still a mystery to humans. The vast majority of them are not easily visible to us, but its importance is vital to our existence, are responsible for shifting the balance between different components of the atmosphere, purify the air we repair, recycle wastes of nature to that from dead organic matter can be reborn, and is that the distribution of tasks necessary for the maintenance of ecosystems is very complex and requires the activity of all its components. While more species living more productive and stable the ecosystem will be, and have greater capacity for recovery if there is a drought, fire or any other threat to this. Scientists have begun to realize how much of this, in 1997 a group of economists and environmental scientists tried to measure in economic terms, the services that the environment gives without asking anything in return, and results they achieved almost double the GDP of all countries in the world. We should not be surprising considering all the tasks that nature solves: regulate the at mosphere and climate, fresh water purifies, enriches the soil, recycles nutrients, decodes the waste, is responsible for the pollination of crops, produce fuel wood, food, fuels and humanity, as well as important is the planets biodiversity.http://danierap.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/biodiversidad3.jpg Climate change linked to human activity In the world, human activities have caused and will continue causing wear on biodiversity due to, among other things, changes in use and surface soil, pollution and land degradation and air pollution; the diversion of water into heavily altered ecosystems and urbanization, environmental decay, exploitation of species, introduction of alien species, ozone depletion and weather. The current rate of biodiversity loss is greater than the natural extinction. A fundamental question is how much can change (either natural or human-induced) increase or prevent such loss of biodiversity? The changes in climate create a secondary alteration to biodiversity that has begun affecting it. Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased since preindustrial times due to human activities, particularly fossil fuels and changes in use and on the surface of the soil. For example currently rain fall on the northeast of Europe and the eastern United States and Canada that is considered acidic. The more acid rain in Europe signed up to Scotland. Observed Changes in climate Earth throughout the twentieth century: the temperature has raised land surface and marin patterns have changed spatial and temporal rainfall, has raised sea level, and increased frequency and intensity of phenomena associated with El Nià ±o. These changes, particularly the rise in temperatures in some areas have affected the timing of reproduction of animals and plants and / or migration of animals, to the extent of growing season, distribution of species and population size and frequency of pest and disease outbreaks. Some coastal ecosystems have also been affected by changes in regional climate. Loss of species by climate change The extinction of species increases the biodiversity loss, and with them our existence. For example: bees are disappearing, disappear. The consequences are disastrous this can cause the pollination is what has made it possible for millions of years, to ensure the reproduction from the plant to flower. In addition, 35% of our diet depends on pollination: fruit and vegetables. The most famous food recommended by dieticians. Moreover, in certain regions of the world, the disappearance of pollinating insects forces from Polish farmers to pollinate by hand. Researchers and beekeepers are moving in different scenarios, it has not yet been clearly identified the main cause of the extinction of bees. All pressures on the ecosystem and the health of bees have been revised: GMOs, electromagnetic waves, pesticides, pollution, climate change, scarcity of flowers, viruses, diseases, parasites, fungi, etc. http://img.over-blog.com/299189/0/55/19/29/abejas_transg__nicas.jpg What is expected of climate change? It is expected that climate change affects all aspects of biodiversity. However, these changes must take into account impacts from human activities, past, present and future, including increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide to the wide range of scenarios of CO2 increase is forecast that the average temperature Earths surface to rise between 1.4 and 5.8  ° C by the end of the century, land areas experiencing the highest warming oceans and high latitudes will warm more than the tropics. It is estimated that sea level rise associated with such changes falls 0.1 to 0.9 m. In general, it is expected an increase in precipitation in high latitudes and equatorial areas and decrease in subtropical areas but increased heavy rainfall. It is expected that climate change directly affecting individual organisms, populations, distribution of species, and ecosystem functioning, for example due to increased temperatures and changes in precipitation and in the case of marine ecosystems coastal and expected changes in sea level and strong storm surges, and indirectly, including through the impact of climate change in the intensity and frequency of phenomena such as forest fires. The loss, modification and disintegration of the environment and the introduction and spread of alien species will affect the impacts of climate change. A realistic projection of the future state of terrestrial ecosystems should take into account patterns of land use and water, which will greatly affect the ability of organisms to respond to climate change through movement. Percentage of variation of precipitation over the average forecast for global next 100 years on America. It is expected a decrease in central Chile and an increase in the extreme south. Melt poles by climate change Tropical, subtropical, Mediterranean, continental, desert, polar, mountain high Nobody can predict what weather will need to consider children in 100 years. The warming will force change textbooks because, even worse, alter the ecosystem of more than 60 percent of the land surface. The impact will suffer the most severe tropical forests. If you escape to deforestation, it is likely that the warming stopped. The poles will be reduced, and high mountain climates are also at risk of disappearing. Among all possible future scenarios, scientists have taken two extremes. The first, in which nothing is done to curb the emission of greenhouse gases, the result would be up to 39 percent of the Earths surface, would experience a change in temperature and rainfall that would result in a new climate. Therefore, 48 percent of current climates disappear. In the best case, with an emission control, the change will affect 20 percent of the land surface. The most affected area is the tropical, equat orial forests of Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia as a major hit. According to the model, the equatorial forests could move to the tropics, the deserts (Sahara, Gobi, New Mexico, Kalahari and northern Australia), to the current temperate zones, including Spain, and thus chain, to poles.http://ecodiario.eleconomista.es/imag/_v2/ecodiario/medio_ambiente/225250/cambio_clima.jpg Climate change consequences Changes in biodiversity at ecosystem and landscapes, in response to climate change and other pressures (such as deforestation and changes in forest fires), could further affect the global and regional climate through changes in absorption and emission of greenhouse gases and changes in the reflection. Similarly, structural changes in biological communities in the upper layers of the oceans could alter the absorption of CO2 by the ocean or the emission of precursors for cloud condensation nuclei, causing positive or negative reactions or in the climate change. The simulation of changes in biodiversity in response to climate change presents some significant challenges. The data and simulations needed to estimate the extent and nature of future changes in ecosystems and changes in the geographical distribution of the species are incomplete, which means that these effects can be quantified only partially. Flooding in Concepcià ³n by the overflowing of the river Bà ­o Bà ­o, July 2006. Because of climate change March 30, 2007 March, 2008 Effects of the drought of 2007 in Vegas Cayucupil, Caà ±ete. The image shows the same place a year apart Conclusion As I explained earlier biodiversity plays a very important in us as this is vital for human life, and this is being eroded by many factors, but here in this project. Mainly I just said the climate change, we cause rapid climate change which becomes a threat to biodiversity, bone for us, but we can do something to prevent it? Yes, there are many things you can do to help or participate in improving the current condition of the Earth and future conditions are: Improving the efficiency of cars. Be achieved through better technology, lightening the structure, improvements in engines and transmission, reducing aerodynamic drag, decreasing resistance of the wheels, etc. Accelerate improvements in energy efficiency of industries, residences and commercial establishments and public, through effective policies. Stimulate and accelerate research and development of technologies based on energy sources of renewable energy. Ending deforestation and encourage reforestation Recycle Resources http://www.globalissues.org/ http://www.weblens.org/scholar.html http://www.noodletools.com/debbie/literacies/information/5locate/adviceengine.html http://www.searchenginecolossus.com/Academic.html http://virtualprivatelibrary.blogspot.com/Scholar.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines http://www.un.org/en/

The Sisters of Charity and their Service in the Civil War :: American America History

The Sisters of Charity and their Service in the Civil War In Lincoln's inaugural address on March 4, 1861, he pronounced that the Union could not be dissolved by an act of secession (Ward 34). On April 12, 1861, the first shot was fired upon Fort Sumpter, and so began the Civil War in the United States. On April 9. 1865, Grant and Lee met at the Appomattox Court House, for the surrendering of the Confederate Army, and then the Civil War officially ended. In the four years of conflict between these dates, our nation lost by death and disease 600,000 men. The task of caring for so many dying, sick and maimed men was an ordeal. Four Orders of Catholic Sisterhoods participated in caring for the wounded and dying. The orders were: Sisters of Charity, Sisters of St. Joseph, Sisters of Mercy, and the Sisters of the Holy Cross. The work of the Religious Catholic Sisters during the Civil War was commendable. When the war began, the Sisters were the only organized and trained female nurses. The surgeons "liked them because they had been bred to disci pline". Even President Lincoln had a high opinion for the tremendous service of the Catholic Sisters during the Civil War. "Mother", Elizabeth Ann Seton, was the founder and first Superior of the Sisters of Charity in the United States. In March, 1850, the American Community of The Sisters of Charity of Saint Joseph's of Emmitsburg, MD united with the French Daughters of Charity, co-founded by St. Louise de Marillac and St. Vincent de Paul. The merger and growth of the religious community resulted in the establishment of more providences throughout the United States. "Their mission was to serve persons marginalized by poverty, illness, ignorance, disability and injustice". The "black caps" as they were called by the soldiers, lived out their mission to its fullest during the Civil War. The Civil War separated the American Sisters of Charity geographically because their community had houses in the North and the South. The Sisters in California functioned outside the conflict, but they did contribute personnel and resources. When President Lincoln sent forth an appeal for volunteer nurses, nearly every Sis ter answered. On June 1, 1861, Brigadier General John F. Rathbone wrote to Bishop John McCloskey to request Sisters of Charity to assist at the military hospital in Albany, New York. One Sister went, and after a few days, Rathbone declared: "The superiority of the Sisters of Charity as nurses is known wherever the name Florence Nightingale is repeated .

Private Life on Social Networking Sites Essay

Social networking sites can be defined as an online platform where people create their own profiles, share them with the public, and communicate with other users on the Internet. The increasing popularity of these sites affects our lives in many aspects and the most important one is the privacy issue. It can easily be observed that social networking sites are a real threat for the user’s personal privacy. First of all, there are some threats arising from security vulnerability on social networking sites. Generally, users give a lot of personal information to become a member of these sites and it is easy to access this information for hackers and identity thieves. For example identity thieves who could gain very private information such as birth name and date, addresses, phone numbers and relationship status on social networking sites can verify themselves as being the profile owner. Therefore, they can access the users’ credit card number and steal their money easily. Moreover, identity thieves cause not only loss of money but also loss of personal respect and good name. They can use the information to communicate with users’ other friends in order to obtain their information too. Rebecca Sweeny (2011) summarizes that users’ lack of awareness of sharing information helps hackers and identity thieves to steal their money and damage good names. (as cited in Acquisti& Gross, 2006) The second threat arising from security vulnerabilities is marketing companies’ accessibility to users’ information without permission. For instance, spamming the users with unsolicited advertising contents can be annoying in most cases. Furthermore, the companies sometimes obtain personal information and spread them with other companies and individuals in order to make advertisements more effective. Secondly, people share very private information on social networking sites, as Nico Reiher(2009) mentions, â€Å" If the receiver of the information is not trustworthy, the user does not have a chance to track or remove this information back into trustworthy hands.† causes some serious troubles. Firstly, people tend to announce where they are at that moment and what they are doing, therefore, they share real-time location based information on social networking sites. To illustrate, people who share their locations and especially notify others that they are not at home on social networking sites such as Foursquare, provide an opportunity to thieves to rob their houses. In addition, Facebook which is the most popular and preferred social networking sites, also enables people to share that much private information with the â€Å"check-in† application. Secondly, sharing awkward and embarrassing information or political views on social networking sites lead to trouble in people’s social and professional lives. For example, some companies prefer to look to social networking sites in order to get information about prospective employees. According to SNAPR project team, â€Å"Even future employers,†¦, may be able to view your posted information and draw specific conclusion about you as an individual, which could have the negative effects. â€Å" Moreover, disgraceful posts on users’ profile which can be seen also by instructors or bosses will cause loss of reputation in educational or business lives. Those who are not in favor of this opinion seem to believe that social networking sites are safe and information is inaccessible for the public. They think that there are some restrictive privacy settings which allow users to specify who can see their information and profiles. Moreover, there are firewalls which help to prevent users’ information from hackers and identity thieves. Although it may be true to a certain extent, this claim is not strong enough, because these settings are not default without users’ knowledge. Generally, users are not fully informed about privacy issues and share all information without any restriction. In addition, they are unaware of how much information they share to the public. There is not any explanation about the amount of the disseminative information. To sum up, the users’ unawareness of the privacy settings on social networking sites and their insensibility on this issue cause a lot of troubles. In addition, digital information’s easy accessibility and fast spreading also pose a danger for users’ privacy. In order to prevent people from these threats, improving the privacy settings and informing them completely should be the major precautions. References Reiher, N.(2009). Privacy on social networking sites and its impact on computer-mediated communication. Retrieved April 9,2012, from http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/154916/privacy- on-social-network-sites-and-its-impact-on-computer-mediated-communication SNAPR Methodology project team. Dear social networking user: Are you at risk? Retrieved April 9,2012, from socialrisk.weebly.com/index.html Sweeny,R.(2011). Social networking sites; More harm than good? Retrieved April 9,2012, from http://networkconference.netstudies.org/2011/04/social-networking-sites-more-harm-than- good/

Adapting to Change

The mechanical technological driven world of today is moving fast and in this environment change is an inevitable thing because all the ups and downs; failures and successes faced by the people are dependent on the changes occurring in the surrounding environment.The capabilities of a person to respond towards the changes and adopt them determine the way of spending of person’s life. In the personal as well as professional life the people have to be well aware of the changes occurring around them so that they can keep them align with those changes. Most of the changes occurring in the surrounding world are led by the technological advancements.Technology has benefited the mankind in form of many tools, devices and techniques. These new facilities replace the old one and the way of doing certain thing also change with time. Most of the time these advancement and changes bring improvement in the life of the people but in some of the cases people have to give up their traditional values and cultural norms in order to cope up with the changes.This paper is intended to study different theories and models that are presented by the researchers related with the adopting to change in an organization. The dissertation is based on a qualitative research study that is conducted through secondary analysis of data and a case study.The case study of a US based company is presented so that different theories of adopting to change can be studied in the perspective of the company and the evidences could be found about the practical implications of the theories of adopting to change.1.1 Importance of TopicIn the fast moving world of today ideas came in to existence and then they are executed rapidly too, building lot of pressure on the people working in different fields because they have also to adopt the same policy of creating and implementing new and changed ideas from time to time.The time required for making these changes is often very short but the success of an orga nization in the highly competitive marketplace of today lies in the fact that how quickly they can respond towards the changes. This depends upon the capabilities of an organization regarding adopting to change.It is very importance to study that what is the importance of adopting to change in an organization because it is one of the most important issues for the business organization now days and the complete understanding of this issue is essential for individuals as well as organization so that they can manage their existing and design new strategies in this perspective.Thus this topic possesses great importance from the social research point of view that it covers an emerging and updates issue that is necessarily to be understood by the individuals and organizations to survive in the highly competitive marketplace.1.2 Need and Significance for the StudyThere is considerable portion of the literature conducted around the topic and numerous research studies have focused on the mod els and theories of adapting to change and their practical implication.This dissertation is continuation of the research work done so far because the topic is gaining more and more importance. As the technologies is rapidly spreading so the need of studying the change in organization is also getting more and more important and the dissertation is aimed at fulfilling the need of further study on this topic.1.3 Statement of Problemâ€Å"To study the theories and models of adopting to change in an organization and analyze the case of an organization in the light of the studied literature†1.4 Objective of the StudyThe study is aimed t achieving the following objectives ·To understand the concept of adapting to change in an organization from the historical perspective ·To study different theories and models of adopting to change ·To present the case study of an organization regarding the strategies and planning related with adopting to change. 2. Literature Review2.1. Adopti ng to change – Historical PerspectiveAdopting to change in an organization is not a new phenomenon but it has deep roots inside the history. Lewin (1952) presented a three stage model about adopting to change in an organization.   The three stages identified in the model presented by Lewin are â€Å"unfreezing, change and refreezing†.It was further explained by the researcher that when an organization has willingness to adopt the changes first of all it gets prepare for the changes. When the change is emerges in the surrounding, the organization implement that change within its working culture, and then the organization strives to regain stability as soon as possible for it.All of these steps are taken by the organization with a specific period of time so that organization can get stability and functionality on early basis (Lewin, p459, 1952). As the time passes, the business world show the need for more turbulent and flexible model of adopting to change that can fit well in the uncertain organizational and environmental conditions as well so the early model presented by Lewin became less appropriate and uncommon.De Jean (1991) and Malone et al (1992) presented another concept of adopting to change that technology is the main factor that bring changes in the environment and while designing the technologies it is the key issue that the technology must be easily adoptable by the end users and the people can have the opportunity to customize their existing features using the new technology and at the same time they can also create new applications with the help of newly introduced technology.In this way the features and adoptability of the technology it self determines the success rate of its acceptability. At the same time, the organizations also have to be aware of the fact that how they can implement change within their existing working patterns and what are the most appropriate ways of integrating new technologies in their traditional system.I n this situation the experience of the organization plays the most significant role in determining the role of the organization in the changing situation. Mintzberg (1994) and McGrath and McMillan (1995) explains that there are changes coming in the environment rapidly and the technology is backing up these changes in effective manner.In this new scenario there are many organizations that are still unaware of the fact that what is actually going around them because they see all of the things like a game that is entirely new for them and they don’t even know the rules and regulations of playing the game.This is the main factor that can lead the organization towards greater risk of failure because this show the lack of willingness of the company to get prepare for adopting to change and an organization can not survive in marketplace until and unless it is ready to face the changes.2.2. Adopting to change – Need, Importance and StrategiesVictor Siegle (2006) explains that an organization has to be well aware of the changes occurring all around because the success of an organization largely depends upon the fact that how fast and how adequately they respond towards the changes and make amendments in their strategies to meet the demands of those changes.These changes could be in form of change in the client’s or customer’s requirements and the organization has to provide the goods or services of the client or customer according to their new requirements.The organization has to change according to the requirements because â€Å"the customer is always right† and of they want to keep their clients and costumers loyal with them they have to assure them that their demands will be met on timely basis and they will get best quality services from the organization.In this regard it is very important for the organization to know that what are the priorities of their clients or customers and as far as there are some changes occur in their re quirement due to any factor, then the organization has to keep an eye on those changes and the management has to be always prepare to react upon these changes accordingly. Only then they can be sure about the successful relationsIn this context there is great responsibility lies upon the shoulders of the high officials and management. They have to develop such strategies and organizational culture in the company that the staff and their working patterns can easily adjust with the upcoming changes.All of this has to be done while remaining within the boundaries of the schedules, budgets, people, and deadlines. For better management of adopting to change it is essential to create a synergistic nature of the organization means that different teams should be created to perform different type of business activities separately and whenever there is any change required in the production of good and service, the people concerned with that particular part of the work will be contacted and as ked to make changes in their work.In this way the entire production process or company strategies does not face any set back or major delay. This is necessarily to be done by the management because they have no option to say â€Å"No† to the client or customers asking for change. This will not effect the reputation and credibility of the organization but also the sales and revenue of the company will be badly affected.However it doesn’t means that the organization must be ready and go for adopting each and every change occurring in the surrounding world but there is great need of effective management of adopting to change strategies and planning because unmanaged change can create lots of problem for the organization in terms of increate in the potential of causing disruption to projects already in progress that might lead to the mediocre end product, missed deadlines and budgets.All these factors will ultimately contribute towards the deterioration of the relationship of the organization with their client or customer. So there are some key steps that must be followed by an organization in the process of change management so that they can be in better position for adopting to change.For example they have to assure that the new or changes policies will be integrate in to the original or existing policies and working pattern of the organization so that the employees can cope up with these changes easily.The cost and time involved in the production process should be kept in consideration by the management while implementing a change so that the budget and deadline could be managed effectively.At the same time it is equally importance that the management must choose from the emerging changes that which one is beneficial for the organization and which will harm it. This will help the company is getting well prepared for adopting to change in the organization.Jacowski (2006) explains that the overall success of an organization is greatly dependent on t he change adoptability capabilities of the organization. The researcher explains that adopting to change in an organization requires lot of time, dedication, money and effective planning.It is very essential to manage the change properly because changes can take the organization towards improved productivity, efficient employee’s performance, superior quality of good and services produces and a better bottom line.In case of failure of the organization in adopting the change there is a great risk that the relationship of the company with its client or customers will be harm, there will be frustration generate in the employees, and the over all productivity and quality of the organization will be badly effected.In order to avoid the dangers of mismanaged change, it is very importance for an organization to get ready for adopting the change with all its planning and strategies. First of all the change must be added to the company’s function in a practical and meaningful w ay, otherwise there is no chance that the change will be accepted and successfully implemented in the organization.Thus the management has the major responsibility to choose that what change is necessary for the organization and above all what are the implications of that change within the existing working culture of the company. The management has to keep an eye on the time matter also to decide and when and in which aspects of the business, the organization will welcome the changes and what are the aspects and policies that will be remained undisturbed by any of the changes.For the better management of adopting to change in the organization it is a crucial matter that the people associated with the change management must be aware of all the problems and issues associated with the adoption to change sin the organization and they must have adequate work done on the lines that â€Å"who will be taking on the change, who will best know how the change will work, and how it can be util ized†.In addition to this it is equally important that there must be trust worthy relationship between the management and the employees so that the employees can be motivated to work in efficient manner in the changes environment also and they must be mentally prepare to face the changes adopted and implemented by the organization.It is importance to have trust based relation in the organization to get prepare for adopting to change because in case of lack of trust, the employees will resist strongly towards the implemented changes and it will become even more difficult for the management to implement the changes within the organization.Moreover the management should also have deep understanding of the employees issues so that they can know that what changes will be welcome by the employees and what changes will be resisted. In this regard the management must have effective communication link with its people so that there could be good understanding of their reservations and c oncerns.2.2 Theories and ModelsGallivan at al (1994) adaptation to change in an organization requires hard work of many years because it is not something that can occur immediately. The researchers explain that to get prepares for adopting any change, it is very necessary that the management of the organization must assure the flow of concise, readable and to the point information to the employees.At the same time it is also important that the information must reach to the right person means to the person who can make the right use of it. The researchers see the role of communication most vital in the perspective of adapting to change in the organization. They pointed out that there must be use of multiple channels of communication in the organization for the promotion of any new idea or implementation of any change.The management is recommended that there must be good communication links built with the employees so that the management can effectively demonstrate the decision of the management regarding the implementation and adaptation of any new change. The role of management is very crucial at this stage because there is a broad spectrum of skills required to lead to effective management of innovation and change within an organization.There must be programs, workshops, meetings and gatherings arranged by the management with the employees so that both the management and the employees can better understand the perspective of each other. In addition to this the management must also produce and provide some material in form of hard copy or soft copy to the employees.This material can explain the perspective of the employees in detail and can inform the employees many such things that can not be demonstrated orally.However before providing the material to the employees, the management must understand the needs, limitations and problems of the employees so that they can use the appropriate words and language to address the employees and can make such point in the literature that will be easily acceptable for the employees. Kwon and Zmud (1997) explains that adopting to change in an organization is not an easy issue because in many organizations there is great possibility that the employees with resist change and talk about remaining sticking on the same traditional means of doing their work.He further explains that there are some main reasons due to which the employees within an organization can resist for change and these are the challenges for the management if they want to develop a culture in the organization open towards changes.An important reason why the employees resist the change in ambiguity that people are unclear about the details of the emerging change and they have certain questions in their mind that what would be the effect of the change over their job position and working patterns.This unclear image led towards the resistance in the employees regarding the change. Another important reason is lack of proper communication lin ks between the management and the employees. When the employees are not properly informed by the management neither there is any consultancy done with the employees but the change in imposed on the employees as an order, then there is a generally unlikeness and unwillingness in adopting any change.On the other hand if the employees are well informed about the change and the policies are discussed in details then thy can meet higher levels of job satisfaction than uninformed workers. This is because people like to know and they have the right to know that what is going all around them and what are the decisions that are taking place related with their work and positions.

Working From Home in a Scientific Career

Working From Home in a Scientific Career What work-from-home opportunities are available in the sciences? Can you transition back into a conventional workplace after being at home? How does working at home impact your finances? There are many ways to work from home in a scientific career field, and answers to all your questions about it. Ways to Work Remotely Freelance writers are self-employed. You might seek a single contract with a particular company or you might look for multiple smaller jobs. Some writers put up notices at schools to write or type papers. Scientists who can write well often help other scientists write articles or prepare proposals. Editorial positions may also be available for scientifically-trained professionals. Many scientists can make the transition to technical writer. Some technical writers have regular employment and others are self-employed. People in this position write user manuals, document safety information, prepare annotated bibliographies, and create similar technical materials. There are many possibilities for telecommuting work in the sciences. There is a market for internet research, literature searches, and more. Some consultants review research plans and professional papers for their scientific merit, as well as give editorial advice. Not everything that can be done at work can be done at home, but many things can. Think about the position you have (or want) and list duties that can be performed at home. Some employers that dont offer telecommuting work may be receptive to the idea, providing you can present a case for this form of employment in a rational manner. It helps if you can increase productivity or decrease costs to the company in your proposal. Thanks to the internet, it is possible to teach without entering a traditional classroom. To find these positions, check out school websites for open positions. Tutoring is usually a part-time position, and some tutors help students in their own home. Check local newspapers and bulletin boards at schools to find jobs. You can call or schedule an appointment with the academic assistance offices at schools to explore unadvertised opportunities. Some companies also hire tutors to help employees in continuing education. As you might imagine, there are certain limitations to doing science at home. The most notable problems are associated with safety, security, and finances. However, if you are creative, its possible to engage in science and engineering from home. If you are a theorist or do computer modeling, you have some excellent options. If you want an affiliation with a corporation or institution, team up with a local school or business. Joining a professional organization is always a good idea, too. You can be an entrepreneur in any field, including science. You can be self-employed without being an entrepreneur, but some of the most attractive employment prospects may result from a start-up venture. Search for work at home jobs. If you have particular skills, for example, with graphics programs, programming, or photography, there may be other positions that will appeal to you. What You Will Need If you work out of your home, you will need to demonstrate the following traits: Self-motivation is the key to success at working from home. When you work from home, you have tasks to complete with a relatively open timeframe for completion. You must be able to motivate yourself to do all of the things you need to do. If you do choose to work at home, be aware there will be times when your self-motivation will flag. Its natural, but you must be able to overcome it.Fortunately, physical organization isnt the same as being neat. However, if you are working from home, you will need to establish good record-keeping procedures and keep your files (whether hard copies or on a computer) within some organizational structure.For most at-home jobs, there is no immediate supervisor handing down priorities, so you will need to determine what needs to be done and how to do it, and then get it done.Its much harder to leave it at the workplace when the workplace is also home. Some people set aside a separate room for work (which has benefits regarding taxes), whereas others hav e less structured divisions between home and work. Some people set strict office hours. Some people have separate computers for work and recreation. Its important to make some sort of division or at least a comfortable integration. Otherwise, youll risk job burnout or else never get tasks completed. Other Issues Most people who work at home dont make a permanent transition. Keep an eye on how your work-from-home experience can be written up in your resume or vitae. When possible, maintain subscriptions to professional and trade journals or visit a library that carries them. Attend meetings and conferences, take classes, write papers, and build up concrete evidence that you are continuing your education and expanding your professional skills. You want to maintain business contacts, so keep up with your correspondence. While many self-employed positions pay less than conventional employment, you may find that you save money on clothes, transportation, and food. You may be able to deduct home office expenses. There are more options than ever before to get health insurance and other benefits as a self-employed person.

The Future of Nigerian Advertising Industry Essay

The Future of Nigerian Advertising Industry - Essay Example Therefore, current researches and studies in the field of advertising are focused on different strategies and tactics of advertising campaigns. It can be said that in the future brands of Nigeria will look in a different manner. Why? Of course, because of globalization! Such phenomenon as globalization caused many changes even in the most developed and powerful countries. That is why the economy of the countries, which were not considered the powerful players on the global market before, was influenced much and this influence is considered as positive as it brought many new opportunities. The dynamic world of development and rapid changes and outcomes in the world of marketing can lead to shifted paradigms in Nigerian advertising. Thus, it was relevant for the advertising company in the past to develop brand promising name, to provide the process of advertising with control, stability and monopoly; to unite customers and markets etc. All these strategies of advertising could have bee n realized by means of printed media, TV or radio broadcasting. Now, look around and you will see outside billboards, sms informing, Tweet updates and other forms of instantaneous ads! Therefore, nowadays brand values should be considered from another perspective: brand fulfillment, interactivity and transparency, as well as trust, innovations and creative execution. There are different key issues in the concept of brand value. Modern Nigerian advertising companies find it necessary to offer new products and services as the only possible option for brand advancing. Moreover, their primary means of advertising is Internet, online media, social networks etc. Actually, these global innovative and technological changes are caused by an abundant excess of information technologies. Brand people and customers should realize numerous perspectives for outstanding rights for ownership new clothes, goods and services. Online media is a helpful tool to do this. Current strategies of advertising in Nigeria Social media of Nigeria do not provide the customers with relevant information about their firms and products. There is no total transparency and brands often need control. There are different aspects and possible solutions for the market changes in Nigeria. Democratization of technology is a favorable background for technological advancements and innovations realization in the context of advertising. Nigerian advertising market goes global and that is why, it is evident that this market has included some changes. Different technologies are well correlated with CD sales or YouTube promo video ads. Ethical concerns of Nigerian advertising have always meant much. A human-centered approach is one of the most important issues for the Nigerian advertising market. It can be claimed that branding of new services and products in the market of Nigeria are evoking numerous controversies for the products and services’ presentation both locally and internationally (Ekwelem, O kafor, Ukwoma, 2009). According to Jimi Awosika, "no matter what trends potters may have assigned to the shape of the future, the basic fabric of advertising will not change†¦" (Latest news, breaking news, business, finance analysis, comments and views from Nigeria). Brand distribution should be properly analyzed with respect to the current trends and tendencies. Moreover, many things depend on the users of the production themselves.

Managing Operations and the Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing Operations and the Supply Chain - Essay Example In quality improvement teams, employees from the same department, division, or team of the organization brainstorm to identify a list of problems to resolve. The advantage of this approach is that the employees characteristically have the best view of their work environment and associated problems and can develop ideas to improve efficiency and effectiveness. The drawback to this is that the problems chosen by the group may or may not contribute to the Tower Records overall goals. Tower Records with a focused success paradigm can multiply the return on its investment for its quality efforts over an organization without a clear vision. With the myriad of problems any given group can identify, it is important that resources be allocated for problem solving that can contribute positively to the successful implementation of Tower Records strategy. Based on such considerations, it is evident that the need for specific criteria and models to verify the quality fit between the Tower Records and the business atmosphere in that it operates, and to effectively and efficiently manages the relationships among the actors within the network. Such relationships, in fact, are characterised by many-to-many connections instead of more traditional one-to-one. For that reason, a deep revision of current managerial techniques is dramatically requested. Regardless of huge number of works on this subject, (Harland et al., 2001; Lamming et al., 2000), reliable criteria for the analysis and the evaluation of Tower Records networks, based on the relationships among economic actors interconnected through Internet, are not yet available. Accordingly, managers usually operate according to empirical methodologies that often do not assure optimal quality performances. In order to contribute towards the solution of such a problem, preliminarily examined factors that mostly affect the Tower Records quality performances. It may be assumed that effectiveness and efficiency of Tower Records depend on the coherence between the characteristics of the atmosphere in that the embedded actors operate and the way in that relationships among embedded actors are managed. The management of such relationships, consecutively, is based on the following three factors (Cucchiella et al., 2002): The structures adopted to organize the relationships among the actors of the network (Tower Records organisational structures). The criteria adopted to manage such relationships (managerial criteria); and The activities to be carried out for coordinating the relationships (critical activities). With respect to the Tower Records organisational structures, Tapscott et al. (2000) define five types of b-web adopted to manage relationships among embedded actors based on the level of product-service value integration (high vs. low) and control type: Agora, Aggregation, Value chain, Alliance, and Distributive network. According to Nkkentved (2000), the managerial criteria may be instead, defined on the basis of two variables, the market fragmentation and the product/process complexity. Consequently, six types of criteria may be identified: Auction house; Independent

Ethical behavior in an organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical behavior in an organization - Essay Example In other words it acts as the road map or set of guidelines to help the firm in acting and conducting itself in a socially and commercially acceptable manner. A well designed code of ethics will help highlight the resources available to achieve various goals set at the personal and corporate levels. A good code of ethics document will inspire confidence in all associates – like suppliers, clients and employees. Equally important is liaising with regulators, which is often overlooked amidst other pressing priorities. It is understood that a regulatory atmosphere conducive to fair and competitive business can help raise ethical standards of all parties involved. It is important that the code of ethics document exhibits a keen awareness of this reality. This would imply foresight and visionary thinking on part of its planners. (Blackburn, 2001) But it is crucial to understand that the entrenched profit-motive of many business organizations make ethical behavior hard to implement. A case in point is the Public Relations industry which offers its services to other manufacturing and service industries. The concept of marketing commodities in a consumer market had long drawn the criticism of ethicists. On a broader perspective, the inherently weak moral imperative of capitalist culture makes this outcome inevitable.

Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay Example for Free

Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay On August 6 1945 the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and the second one was dropped at Nagasaki on 9th August 1945. The atomic bomb pelted on Japan was initially intended to force the Germans into submission but after the Germany surrendered, Japan was left as the threat to world peace. (John F. P. 56) The Hiroshima Bomb which was uranium based killed 100,000 Japanese and left several thousands dying slowing as a result of radiation. After three days, another atomic bomb was dropped at Nagasaki city, which left around 50,000 dead (P. M. S, Blackett 70) The justification for these mass killings was that it would end the war faster and thereby making it unnecessary to invade Japan. According to Byres, such an invasion could save a million people and therefore it was desirable. Was the atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Genocide Yes indeed it was. My opinion is based on the following premises: First, by August 1945 the Japan military was in a desperate state. The Naval blockade of the Allies had taken away a fleet of ships with military supplies and weapons from Japan military, without these the Japan Military was weak and could not survive for long. (Matin Z. ) According to a detailed opinion survey of the leaders of Japan who survived the atrocities, Japan would have inevitably surrendered probably before November 1945 without the threat of an atomic bomb or even without Russia threatening to join the war against Japan. (Gar Alperovitz, 34) Yet the American leaders knew all this information that had been successfully deciphered from the code and messages sent by Japanese military. The American leaders were well aware that Japanese authority had communicated to its Moscow ambassador to start negations for ending the war with the allies and the all-powerful Japanese emptor had indicated intentions of considering peace settlement by June 1945. Even after the American intelligence informed this message to president Truman, he did not change his mind about launching a bomb attack on Japan. (Gar Alperovitz, 37) After all the Japanese had only one condition for them to surrender; that is the Emperor who was a holy symbol to the Japanese should remain in power even after the end of the war. This was a small condition for America to sacrifice against the lives and property that lay at stake if a bomb was launched on Japan. (Gar Alperovitz, 38) The statement by President Truman that the world should note that the first bomb was launched on Hiroshima Military base to avoid the killings of civilian was sarcastic since all most all of those killed in the bombings of the two cities were civilian, according to a report by U. S strategic Bombing survey. Both innocent children and women were killed rather than the military personnel, which amounts to the infringement against human rights and a genocide of the highest order. (M. Susan Lindee 13) The destruction of the two cities is condemned not only by Japanese and other outsiders but by high rank military and conservative leaders from America itself as well. Former president Herbert Hoover himself wrote that the indiscriminate killing of young children and women â€Å"revolted his soul†. Former President Eisenhower had even advised the secretary of war against using an atomic bomb on Japan during a certain meeting. These and many more leaders as well as civilian Americans have continued to criticize the action taken by General Grove and are on the view that that the military attack was unnecessary and exaggerated. (Matin Z. ) An ambitious and domineering Admiral Purnell who suggested that it would take two bombs to coerce the Japanese to surrender by and large carried out the idea of a second atomic bomb being dropped on Nagasaki. Grove was well aware that two atomic bombs were in the making and saw good opportunity to actualize his own schemes. The decision to drop a second bomb at Nagasaki was not even made in Washington but it was made on Tinian Island. Grove was in an unusual hurry to make sure that the second atomic bomb was dropped before anybody else could decide otherwise. http://www. dannen. com/decision/handy. html Moreover, the second bomb primary target was Kokura but when the attack plane arrived there, the city was covered by a mass of cloud. Instead of the pilot turning back, and aborting the mission, they still went ahead and decided to attack Nagasaki, a town that was highly populated with civilians. http://www. dannen. com/decision/handy. html There are also well-supported views that Hiroshima bombing was a test. The bomb dropped there had been uranium, which had never been tested before. It was quite inhuman and high level of barbarism that the test was to be done at the expense of many lives. (Matin Z. ) American planes also distributed thousands of leaflets alerting the Japanese that unless they surrendered unconditionally the towns of Akita, Fukushima, Urawa, Iwakumi, Yawata Miyakorojo, Otaru, Imabaru and Saga,would be attacked by bombs. However these leaflets did not mention Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Nugata and Kokura. (Matin Z) So it is clearly evident that the American leaders who were responsible for attack did not intend to forewarn the civilians so that they could evacuate before the time of attack. The killings that resulted are not only high abuse of human rights against innocent civilians but also a cowardly act against a subdued enemy. (Matin Z. ) Both innocent women and children were not spared by this obliteration of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (M. Susan Lindee 13). In fact the Manhattan scientists who were working on the bomb were shocked when they were later informed that Japan had always been the target and not a deterrent to the German invasion. (M. Susan Lindee 13) The Military policy committee chaired by General Grove realized that Japan was a more convenient target for the bomb than Germany. This means that the bombing of Japan was not so much as a result of their aggressive activities but because they were convenient targets of testing some newly acquired weapons! (Martin J. S. 234) Furthermore Americans wanted to take control of Japan before Russia could control it. The Russians leaders had planned to invade Japan on 8 August 1945. So the coincidental bombing of Hiroshima two days before the planned date when Russia intended to invade Japan was suspicious. There is a wide specification that America attacked Japan to gain its control before Russia could achieve the same. However the intention of the second bomb that was pelted on Nagasaki is not very clear. (Matin Z. ) However President Truman cannot be blamed so much for the bomb attack on the two cities when he took over in April 12, 1945 after Roosevelt’s death, General Grove made it appear to President Truman as if Japan was always the Target for the bombs. http://www. dannen. com/decision/hst-jl25. html Grove was reluctant to discuss about the Manhattan Project with the chief of staff since he knew that he was opposed to the bombing of Japan. The General Marshal was of the view that the bomb could be used against military targets such as Naval establishments but not on cities. However General Grove overlooked all these well meaning advices to fulfill his self interest at the cost of hundred thousands of Japanese lives and a lot of property. (Matin Z. ) Conclusion The past cannot be erased but can serve as invaluable lesson and prepare us for the future. Even though the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki speeded up Japans decision to stop the war, it was not the major consideration that the Japanese leaders used. Therefore the use of the atomic bomb was excessive act since other strategies could have worked to coerce Japan to stop the war. After all, the Japanese were ready to surrender on condition that their emperor would still remain in authority. The bombings of Japan cities were not only immoral but they were a crime and genocide to the full extent. Works Cited Harry S.Truman, Diary, July 25, 1945: Retrieved on 9th April 2008 from http://www. dannen. com/decision/hst-jl25. html Gar Alperovitz: The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb: Random House, 1995. 34-38 Hogan, Michael J. : Hiroshima in History and Memory. Cambridge University Press: 1996 M. Susan Lindee: Suffering Made Real: American Science and the Survivors at Hiroshima. University Of Chicago Press (1994) 12-14 Matin Zuberi: Atomic Bombing Of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Journal): Retrieved on 9th April 2008 from http://www. ciaonet. org/olj/sa/sa_aug01zum01. html Martin J. Sherwin: A World Destroyed: Hiroshima and its Legacies, 2nd edition, Stanford University Press, (2003) 233-234. Official Bombing Order, July 25, 1945: Retrieved on 9th April 2008 from http://www. dannen. com/decision/handy. html Ogura, Toyofumi: Letters from the End of the World: A Firsthand Account of the Bombing of Hiroshima. Kodansha International Ltd 1948. P. M. S, Blackett: The Atomic Bomb: New York: Holt, Rinehart Winston, 1976. (66-70) John Francis Purcell, Best-Kept Secret: The Story of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Vanguard, 1963. 56-57

Look At Domestic Robots Information Technology Essay

Look At Domestic Robots Information Technology Essay Since the ancient times the idea of an easier and simpler life existed in the humans. In all these centuries they have discovered and developed many things that help them in their everyday life. One of these inventions is Robotics. The word robot was first introduced by the Czech writer Karel ÄŒapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossums Universal Robots), published in 1920. Later on, it was made famous by Isaac Asimov, in his book I, Robot. After that the meaning of the word has changed extensively. The great number of robots in everyday life has opened a new specter of changes for future applications and developments of robots. Even though there is a great progress in the field, there is always room for improvements. Aristotle once said: If every tool, when ordered, or even of its own accord, could do the work that befits it then there would be no need either of apprentices for the master workers or of slaves for the lords., meaning that if the humans had a mean in their disposal to help them, their life would be a lot better. Leonardo da Vinci is believed to be the first who created a robot. He developed a soldier who could move his head, arms and legs. After him many people invented devices that helped to improve their lives. There are many types of robots but the most important ones are two: the service robots and the industrial robots. The service robot is a robot which operates semi- or fully autonomously to perform services useful to the well-being of humans and equipment, excluding manufacturing operations.  [1]  The industrial robot is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications  [2]  . The technologies needed to build a robot are: teleoperators and numerical control.  [3]  A teleoperator is a mechanical manipulator that is controlled by humans from a remote location.  [4]  Numerical control (NC) is a method of controlling machine tool axes by means of numbers that have been coded on punched paper tape or other media.  [5]  The manipulator is controlled by a computer system, which is divided in two sections: arm-and-body and wrist with a gripper. In this way the robot can be taught by the computer system to perform some standard tasks. In the last decades the life of humans has changed a lot. In todays world there are many domestic robots, many of which we didnt even image. Task (chore) robots can be divided in the following groups: vacuum cleaners, pool cleaners, washing machines, window washers and lawn mowers. As time passes new models come on the market, with new qualities, more tasks to perform. Moreover anything that can be programmed to do a chore, doesnt require our presence, and responds to environmental conditions can be categorized as a simple type of robot.  [6]  The interactive robot is the simplest kind of domestic robot. Examples of this kind are coffee maker, washing machines, microwave etc. All these devices use the timer to notify the user when the process is finished, meaning when the food is cooked when the clothes are washed or when the coffee is ready. A more advanced version of domestic robots consists of support robots and house surveillance, helping people to monitor their homes. For al l these reasons, it is not difficult to understand why many big companies such IBM, Microsoft, Sony invest in the development of robotics. Many interactive robots such as automobiles, refrigerators, video records, washing machines, use a microprocessor so they can work as a computer controlling device. If the consumer wants something he pushes the corresponding button. So, the use of automated appliances is user-friendly. The automobile is the most widespread example of an automated object used in our everyday life; it uses microprocessors to operate a variety of functions, including engine control (fuel-air ratio, for example), the clock, the radio, and cruise control.  [7]   Trilobite 2.0 was the first vacuuming robot launched in 2001 by AB Electrolux. The designers of the Trilobite thought of everything when they designed it. They used a sonar system that detects obstacles like walls and stair cases. In 2003 another vacuuming robot was launched by a German company called Kaercher GmbH. They called the robot Robocleaner RC3000. The difference between the latter one and Trilobite is that RoboCleaner RC3000 uses random motion pattern to clean. RoboClenear is equipped with a sensor that monitors the pollution of the air and detects how dirty an area is. Moreover, whenever the battery of the robot is running low it returns to its charging position and in the mean time it also empties his dustbin. The most popular tasks robots built until now are produced by an American company called iRobot Inc. The company is the producer of two other famous robots Scooba and Roomba. Scooba is a floor washing robot while Roomba is a vacuuming one. The real success of these products is not their high quality, but their price. Until now there have been three generations of Roomba. The first generation had three buttons for the size of the room, while their robotic technology consists on a spinning brush on the side and a rotating cylindrical brush at the bottom. The second generation came out in July 2004. It was much more sophisticated than the first one. It had a larger dust bin, better software that calculates room size, fast charging in the home base (or wall hanger in the Discovery SE), and dirt detection.  [8]  The Roombas of the second generation had the same functions, though some of them could have more accessories and all updated features after mid 2005. The third generation call ed 5xx was a whole new level. It was introduced for the first time in 2007 and it had an infrared sensor to detect obstacles, a dock button, and improved mechanical components.  [9]  . Scooba as said before is a floor cleaning robot. Even though we might think that it is different from Roomba actually they are not. They use the same navigation system and the same driver. The difference between them is the cleaning technology. Moreover, IRobot Inc. thought of new models of Roomba called (Dirt Dog and Model 401). These models are really simple to use and they are also cheap to buy. Dirt Dog has a larger dust bin and sweeping brushes but it lacks the vacuum motor. This model is designed for large environments like home garage and home shop. Model 401 is similar to Dirt Dog but it has a standard size dust bin. They are similar in fast charger and extended- life batteries. . The downside of this robot is however that its performance is not up to the level of every other cleaning robot. This household device is slower and does not clean as efficiently as its competitors. One of the companies that competes with IRobots is The Sharper Image Inc. This company launched in the market a vacuum robot called eVac. The only difference between Roomba and eVac, is the eye-catching design of eVac. They both have the same technology with some minor differences. The first difference is that eVac has a touch sensor, when it hits something it backs up and turns. Another difference is that eVac does not have the technology behind the virtual walls like Roomba has. The Sharper Image Inc. included remote control and a traffic cone  [10]  in eVac. On the market there are many types of customers, so to satisfy all of them Black Decker Inc. thought of a cheap robot. It is called Zoombot. Although it costs less than the others, Zoombot has more or less the same technology. The problem of Zoombot is its cleaning is not too efficient. The wide spread of domestic robots made companies produce new models, which were more expensive and much more sophisticated. Ottoro is one of them. It was launched on the market in 2003 by a South Korean company called Hanool Robotics. It is todays most expensive cleaning Robot. Ottoro identifies its own position and objects in any places in the house. The cleaning zone is set according to the map of house and completes the zone in order without missing any spots  [11]  . It also detects the clean or cleaned areas so it does not clean the same area twice. Another feature of Ottoro is its suction spout. It helps Ottoro to reach spaces that other robots cannot reach. LG, another South Korean company, released on the market a cleaning robot called RoboKingV- R400. It is not as stylish as Ottoro but it is well created. Its system is based on odometers. Furthermore its positioning system uses a 32 bit gyro sensor. Robokings effective operation under the control of 22 sensors attached on 32bit Microprocessor, moves in 4 smart patterns such as Gyro-Matrix, Variable-Matrix, and Spiral, Random, depending on the structure and space of the area. Especially, Gyro-Matrix controlled by Gyro sensor does what vacuum cleaner ROBOT has to do. This allows the LG Roboking to drive around the house without getting stuck on furniture.  [12]   Nowadays people do not have enough time to take care of everything, especially the outdoors tasks. It is not a surprise that the popularity of the outdoor operating robots has increased a lot these years. The most popular ones are the pool cleaning robots. These robots are seen as necessary gadeget rather than luxury tools. Aqua Products is an American company that produced one of the most popular pool cleaning robots called Aquabot. It has two powerful motors that share the load and provide a longer service life than other cleaners.  [13]  Aquabot can be put in the pool without any installation. It moves in two different patterns. The first pattern is a rectangular movement, using the walls of pool as a navigation tool. The second pattern is based on a zigzag movement- when Aquabot touches the walls, it starts moving towards the center of the pool. It also has brushes that clean the sides and the bottom of the pool. Aquabot, its power Supply and Floating Cable are ETL Listed to UL Standard 1081. No other robotic cleaner is this safe.  [14]  Dolphin Diagnostic is a pool cleaner robot manufactured by Maytronics, an Israeli company. It uses the same system as Aquabot. It can cre ate the most efficient cleaning pattern by itself. The distinguishing feature of this robot is that it can determine if it left the pool or not. It does that by using an air sensor. If the sensor turns on it will go back into the pool. Another benefit is that Dolphin Diagnostic is able to conduct a self diagnostic analysis, which makes it easier for technicians to receive information about its operations.  [15]  Tigershark is another pool cleaning robot, produced by Aquavac Company. It uses the same system as the previous examples. Tigershark has ASCL (adaptive seek control logic) microprocessor. The processor can determine the size of the pool and it programs a motion pattern in order to clean of the spots of the pool. Other robots than can perform domestic chores are the window-cleaning robots. The downside of this product is their cost of production. There are several problems related to this product. One of them is gravity. Another problem is the surface on which they operate, since window is really fragile. Moreover people use more pool cleaning robots than window robots, which also explains their meek success. For all these reasons these robots are not highly commercialized. Racoon is an exmpale of window cleaning robot. It is developed by Procter Gamble together with Fraunhofer IPA. It was introduced in 2002. After Racoon another window cleaning robot was produced, called QUIRL. Like Racoon, QUIRL relies on vacuum cups to hold to the windows. The difference between the two devices is that QUIRL is smaller and lighter. QUIRL races around the window without any wheels to drive it. The direction and the speed of its path can be controlled by varying the turning motion of the suction paths, caus ing the robot to execute linear or rotational movements.  [16]  Nevertheless, QUIRL is not yet commercialized.  [17]   All cleaning robots have the same problems. They have 3D range cameras used as sensor. The problem with the 3D cameras is that they are really expensive, summing the price of the products. Two German companies came up with a new idea of positioning and navigating the robot, called smart floor. Smart floor contains RFID transponders and it is easy to install. It can be put below all types of floor materials. Robots that have the RFID as a navigation system can operate on this kind of surface. The first cleaning robot which used this kind of navigation system is called Robo40. NorthStar project presented by Evolution Robotics is a solution to the same problem. The device uses these models much like old sailors used the stars in the sky.  [18]  The solution that both projects provided was just for small space, it could not cover large spaces. As the world today is using more technology and less labour it is hard for us to restrain our imagination from thinking the possible effects on our life. Maybe a couple of years from now everything will be computerized. In the supermarkets the customers will be welcomed by a robot similar to Robovie-II. There will be robots driving cars, serving food in restaurants and maybe who knows they could even teach our children in school, even though not everyone is e enthusiastic about all these changes. According to some studies made in South Korea, students were pleased when a robot taught them English. The children like the robots because they never get angry or make sarcastic remarks-unlike their human counterparts.  [19]  However, the future still remains a mystery. For Bill Gates this huge expansion of robotics industry is the same with that of computer business decades ago. As the processing power rises every day and the cost of producing hardware decreases, the growth of robotics industry will speed up. This offers the basis for a future in which robotic devices will become a nearly ubiquitous part of our day-to-day lives.  [20]  Nevertheless, an affordable, open platform that allows robot developers to readily integrate hardware and software into their designs must be established, allowing the further development of the industry.  [21]   The rehabilitation robotics technology is now focusing more in systems that are efficient for handicap people, helping them to conduct a normal life. The advantages of these robots are stability and flexibility. The perfect examples of such devices are the robots Handy1 and Manus. Manus is the leader of these kinds of robots in todays market. The disabled people use Manus to do tasks like drinking, pouring drinks, eating, washing, etc. Another type of robot that helps the disabled people is the mobile manipulator. An example of this kind of robot is Kares II. It is more efficient and has more advantages than the static robots. Karess main task is to do domestic work. In the last few years, EU developed a project called MATS. The goal of this project was to increase the number and quality of the existing human skills in robots. Over these years, we have witnessed the greatest developments of technology, even though there is more to come. If we think of the time that we needed to reach this level of production and efficiency, makes us raise the question if our generation is going to see the beginning and the development of a new industry. Half a century ago we could not even image our lives like they are today. Although, now human beings have passed to a whole new level, that of searching new things. Our laziness is unquestionable. Even though, in this world, where everything is computerized, where inventions are made every day the last thing that we needed to disperse was the labor force. It is very hard to find any industry that hasnt adopted the robotic technology nowadays. In a world where all the industry is based on the new technologies, new start-up companies that produce new gadgets, new toys projects are complex, progress is slow, and practical applications are relatively rare. In fact, for all the excitement and promise, no one can say with any certainty whenor even ifthis industry will achieve critical mass. If it does, though, it may well change the world.  [22]  The best example of these is Smart House; it is made of elements such as network of sensors and actuators.  [23]  The technology of this house contains environment control, health monitoring, fall detector, video monitoring, motion detectors, body temperature and many other devices. A more innovative Smart House would be one that has a keyless system. The doors will be unlocked with fingerprint scanners. Based on the information of the person that opens the doors a robot dog called AIBO would welcome the person. AIBO is produced by SONY. Furthermore, other functions in the house such as turning lights and air conditioner on, opening the curtains would be controlled remotely. From an experiment conducted by the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA), the possibility of integrating robotic system in a house resulted successful. This house was designed mainly for elderly people and it was equipped with heartbeat sensors. In case the person living in the house had a low or irregular heartbeat, the system would send a text message to his familiars. These kinds of devices are really important in cases when the elderly live alone. A distinguishing feature of this house is that it adapts the habits of the person living in it. Another house like this was built by the University of Florida. They called it Gator Tech. As the houses mentioned before, Gator Tech addresses the needs of aged people. It has smart devices like smart mail box, smart doors, driving stimulator, and smart blind, smart bed, smart refrigerator etc. The smart refrigerator can monitor the food; the consumption and it can detect expired food. It has an integra ted preparation meal advisor and also can create a shopping list. The Smart House is not used only for aged people; it is also used for the disabled or mentally ill like schizophrenic people. The usage of such house would help them have a normal life. As we know, the Smart House is equipped with sensor. Data transmitted by sensors can be analyzed for the immediate purpose of detecting critical situations or for the longer-term purpose of understanding the pathology in question.  [24]  The house can help the person prevent dangerous situations; it can remind the owner to take his or her pills. The devices should also be user-friendly in cases when the person has bad memory or poor management skills. One of the symptoms of schizophrenia is the distortion of the reality. In the case the person already believes that in his house there are hidden microphones or video cameras. The most challenging thing here is to create a balance to improve outside cognitive support without aggravating or inducing delusions.  [25]   Even though, the Smart House helps the elderly and disabled people to have an independent and happy life, it also raises many ethical questions. These ethical questions concern all the co-builders of the society. It questions the dignity and the privacy of the people who will use this technology. Another question is: who will be responsible for that person since he or she is no longer under medical care, lives in a neighborhood and in apartment that she or he can leave and return to? What will be the measures of support in case of an accident or emergency? Furthermore, will these people create dependence since most of the tasks in the house will be done by the devices?  [26]   As all this questions concern us in just one technological development, what is going to happen when every project comes to life? Many people said that the ethical rules should be imposed before any positive effect of technology sweeps away. Another development that raises ethical questions is a robot that works as a babysitter. This can have many advantages, but can a robot react in case of emergencies as a human being. This kind of robot was developed for the first time by South Korean and Japanese companies. The child minding robot offers other facilities for video-game playing, conducting verbal quiz games, speech recognition, face recognition, and conversation.  [27]  Beside all this, we dont know the psychological effect that all this could have on a child who is left for hours with no human contact. Because people cannot conduct experiments on infants, research is conducted in monkeys. The result of the search showed that severe social dysfunction occurs in infant animals allowed to develop attachments only to inanimate surrogates.  [28]   It is shown that the use of robotics in our life has its benefits. On the other hand, an excessive interaction with the robots can lead the persons to a social isolation. Another problem is the robotic pets. The most vulnerable are the small children who are the main target of the manufacturers. They misperceive the relationship with the robot. It looks like all these concerns about the use of robots in our life are still unnoticed by the public. Due to their high price, robots are used only domestically. Since the costs of production are decreasing, this trend is going to change a lot; people will start to buy all kinds of robots. Despite all the problems and concerns that the usage of robotics rises there is no ethical code to tell us who to react in certain case. There is no Convention on the Rights of Children and there is no ethical code on Nanny. Society should discuss and decide the limits of the robots in our life before before the industry and busy parents make the decision themselves.  [29]   Work Cited Industrial Robot. Science Daily: News Articles in Science, Health, Environment Technology. Web. 12 Nov. 2010. Industrial Robots IFR International Federation of Robotics. Home IFR International Federation of Robotics. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. . Abry, Vincent. Domestic Robots Today. Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. . automation. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. 14 Nov. 2010 Automation Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. . Roomba. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. . Cleaning Robot Named OTTORO | Korea IT Times. Home | Korea IT Times. 31 Dec. 2006. Web. 14 Nov. 2010. . LG Roboking. Consumer Robots Advice, News, Reviews and Prices. Web. 12 Nov. 2010. . Key Features of the Aquabot Pool Cleaners. Probotics- Official Dealer for Robomower Lawnbott Aquabot Repair and Service Automatic Lawn Mower Lawnbot Accurain Aquaproducts Robot Pool Cleaner Friendly Robotics Mowers Robotic Makes a Great Gift Parts and Repairs. Web. 12 Nov. 2010. . Siciliano, Bruno, and Oussama Khatib. Springer Handbook of Robotics. Springer International Publisher Science, Technology, Medicine. 1254- 260. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. . Drexler, Janine. Robot Workers with a Head for Heights. Fraunhofer Magazine. Web. 13 Nov. 2010. . Bilton, N. The Robots Among Us NYTimes.com. Technology Bits Blog NYTimes.com. 29 Mar. 2010. Web. 13 Nov. 2010. . Gates, Bill. A Robot in Every Home. Scientific American. 16 Dec. 2006. Web. 13 Nov. 2010. . Statistics IFR International Federation of Robotics. Home IFR International Federation of Robotics. Web. 12 Nov. 2010. . Sharkey, Noel. The Ethical Frontiers of Robotics. Academic Search Premier. Science 322.5909 (2008): 1800-1801. EBSCO, 19 Dec. 2008. Web. 14 Nov. 2010. Helal, Sumi, et al. The Gator Tech Smart House: A Programmable Pervasive Space. Computer 38.3 (2005): 50-60. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO, Mar. 2005. Web. 13 Nov. 2010. Stip, Emmanuel, and Vincent Rialle. Environmental Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia: Ethical Implications of Smart Home Technology. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50.5 (2005): 281-291 Academic Search Premier. EBSCO, Apr. 2005. Web. 14 Nov. 2010. Gade, Lisa. Review: Sharper Image E Vac. Everyday Robots. 19 Aug. 2004. Web. 13 Nov. 2010. .