Monday, September 30, 2019
Ergonomic Workstation
Computer Workstation Ergonomics INF 103: Computer Literacy Winter 2009 Computer Workstation Ergonomics As we spend increasing amounts of time at our computer workstation, we need to be aware of how the design and arrangement of our equipment can impact our comfort, health, and productivity. WORK AREA The work area should be large enough to accommodate you, allow the full range of motions involved in performing required tasks, and provide room for the equipment and materials that make up the workstation. â⬠¢Use a headset for lengthy or frequent telephone work. Place the items you use most frequently directly in front of you. â⬠¢Avoid overcrowding computer work areas. DESK/WORKSTATION Standard furniture cannot accommodate everyoneââ¬â¢s needs. A taller person may need a one-time adjustment to have his or her work surface raised somewhat; a shorter person may need a footrest or other accessories. Adjustable furniture may be needed in situations where people share or use the s ame workstation. â⬠¢The desktop should be organized so that frequently used objects are close to the user to avoid excessive extended reaching. The work surface should have a matte finish to minimize glare or reflections. â⬠¢The area underneath the desk should always be tidy and clean to accommodate the userââ¬â¢s legs and allow for stretching. â⬠¢If a fixed-height desk is used, add a keyboard tray that adjusts vertically to provide added adjustability. â⬠¢A footrest should be used if, after adjusting the height of the chair, feet do not rest flat on the floor. â⬠¢Use a headset or speaker phone to avoid neck and shoulder discomfort if you use a phone frequently throughout the day. â⬠¢Place the phone on the side of your non-dominant hand (i. e. left side if right-handed, right side if left-handed) â⬠¢Position your desk lamp (if you use one) so that it illuminates source documents without causing either glare on the computer screen or direct illumination to your eyes. â⬠¢A document holder should be used if documents are referred to during keying. The document holder should: â⬠¢Be stable and adjustable (height, position, distance, and angle of view). â⬠¢Support your document on either side of the monitor. â⬠¢Be at the same distance from your eyes as the display screen to avoid frequent changes of focus and you should be able you to look from one to the other without moving your neck or back. CHAIR ADJUSTMENTS Contrary to popular belief, sitting, which most people believe is relaxing, is hard on the back. Sitting for long periods of time can cause increased pressure on the intervertebral discs ââ¬â the spongy discs between the vertebras. Sitting is also hard on the feet and legs. Gravity tends to pool blood in the legs and feet and create a sluggish return to the heart. The following recommendations can help increase comfort for computer users: â⬠¢Ã¢â¬ Dynamic sittingâ⬠, donââ¬â¢t stay in one static position for extended periods of time. When performing daily tasks, alternate between sitting and standing or take small walking breaks throughout the day. â⬠¢The chair back should have a lumbar support â⬠¢Adjust height of backrest to support the natural inward curve of the lower back. â⬠¢It may be useful to use a rolled towel, lumbar roll or cushion to support the low back. â⬠¢The angle of the back rest is subjective but the trunk and upper l egs should form an angle between 90 to 115 degrees. â⬠¢Adjust height of chair so feet rest flat on floor oSit upright in the chair with the low back against the backrest and the shoulders touching the backrest. Thighs should be parallel to the floor and knees at about the same level as the hips. oBack of knees should not come in direct contact with the edge of the seat pan. There should be 2-4 inches between the edge of the seat and the back of the knee â⬠¢Arm rests should be removable and the distance between the arm rests should be adjustable. oAdjust height and/or width of armrests so they allow the user to rest arms at their sides and relax/drop their shoulders while keyboarding. oDonââ¬â¢t use armrests to slouch. Also, chair arms should not oticeably elevate your shoulders or force you to move your arms away from your body to use them. oElbows and lower arms should rest lightly on armrests so as not to cause circulatory or nerve problems. â⬠¢Use a footrest when a ttempts to adjust your chair and the rest of the workstation fail to keep your feet on the ground. â⬠¢Ensure that you have some space (2-3â⬠³) between the top of your thighs and the underside of your workstation. â⬠¢Have enough space under your work surface so that you can pull yourself all the way up to the edge of the desk with room for your legs and knees to fit comfortably. MONITOR Once the chair and work surface height are properly adjusted, the computer monitor should be placed so the top of the screen is at or just below eye level when seated in an upright position. The following suggestions can help prevent the development of eye strain, neck pain and shoulder fatigue while using your computer workstation: â⬠¢Make sure the surface of the viewing screen is clean. â⬠¢Adjust brightness and contrast to optimum comfort. â⬠¢Position the monitor directly in front of the user to avoid excessive twisting of the neck. â⬠¢User must position the monitor at a comfortable viewing distance, approximately 18-30 inches from the user. Position monitors at right angles from windows to reduce glare. Close window blinds as needed to reduce glare from sunlight. â⬠¢Position monitors away from direct lighting which creates excessive glare or use a glare filter over the monitor to reduce glare. â⬠¢Adjust the monitor tilt so that ceiling lights do not reflect on your screen. â⬠¢If a document holder is used, it should be placed at approximately the same height as the monitor and at the same distance from the eyes to prevent frequent eye shifts between the monitor screen and reference materials. â⬠¢Get regular eye check-ups. Adjust as needed for larger screens. You may need to sit farther away and increase the font size to take full advantage of the larger screen. Bifocal and trifocal wearers have to pay particular attention to the placement of their monitor. Wearers of bifocals and trifocals often unknowingly tilt their heads backwards so they can read the screen through the lower portion of their glasses. This can sometimes lead to neck, shoulder, and back discomfort. Potential solutions include either lowering the computer monitor or purchasing glasses designed specifically for working at the computer. KEYBOARD Many ergonomic problems associated with computer workstations occur in the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. Continuous work on the computer may expose soft tissues in these areas to repetition, awkward postures, and forceful exertions, especially if the workstation is not set up properly. The following adjustments should be made to your workstation to help prevent the development of an ergonomic problem in the upper extremities: â⬠¢First adjust your chair as mentioned above, then with your arms resting comfortably at your side, raise your forearms to form a 90 degree angle with your upper arms. Adjust keyboard height so shoulders can relax and allow arms to rest at sides. An articulating keyboard tray is often necessary to accommodate proper height and distance. â⬠¢Position the keyboard directly in front and be close to the user to avoid excessive extended reaching. â⬠¢Forearms parallel to the floor (approximately 90 degree angle at elbow). â⬠¢Mouse should b e placed adjacent to keyboard and at the same height as the keyboard. Avoid extended and elevated reaching for keyboard and mouse. The back of the wrist should be kept flat (in a neutral position). Do not rest the hand on the mouse when you are not using it. Rest hands in your lap when not entering data. â⬠¢A padded wrist rest will help to keep your wrist in a straight and neutral position while typing and keep your arms off the sharp edges of the work surface. â⬠¢Do not rest your wrists or hands on a palm or wrist rest when you are keying. These rests are designed to provide support only during breaks from keying. â⬠¢The slope of the keyboard may need to be adjusted so that it is flat in order that your wrists are straight and not bent back while you are typing. â⬠¢Press the keys gently; do not bang them or hold them down for long periods. Keep your shoulders, arms, hands, and fingers relaxed. If your work surface is too high and not adjustable, adjust your chair to bring your arms to the proper position. If you raise your chair make sure your feet are properly supported. MOUSE, TRACKBALL, OR OTHER INPUT DEVICE â⬠¢The mouse is present in virtually every office environment. Handed versions of mousses are designed specifically to the contours of either the right or left hand. â⬠¢Placing the mouse, trackball, or other input device too far away, too low, or too much on one side can cause shoulder, wrist, elbow, and forearm discomfort. Placing the input device directly in your immediate reach zone offers natural comfort and maximum hand-to-eye coordination. â⬠¢Do not bend your wrist upward. Make sure you are sitting high enough for the workstation to be slightly below elbow height so that your hand rests naturally on the mouse. â⬠¢Moussing demands a certain level of surface stability; if used on a keyboard tray, the tray should not wobble or tip. â⬠¢A trackball has an exposed ball that you manipulate with your fingers. It requires the use of different muscle and tendon groups than does a mouse, and can add variety to your manipulation of computer information. Some trackball designs, however, may cause discomfort and possible injury to the area around your thumb, which stretches and reaches to maneuver the trackball. â⬠¢Test different models of mouseââ¬â¢s, trackball or other input devices. Consider the shape and size of the devices, how comfortably it fits into your hand, ease of operation, and any special features that might make your job easier. In addition to the mouse and trackball, a variety of other input devices are available. Consider your task requirements and physical limitations. â⬠¢Touch pads allow you to move the cursor on the computer screen by simply gliding your finger across a small pad. Unlike mousses, trackballs, and other pointing devices, touch pads have no moving parts to clog or breaks, so they never require disassembly for cleaning. â⬠¢Touch screens allow you to point directly at an object. They require little or no training, are faster than other pointing devices, and require no extra work surface. However, the disadvantages of touch screens include arm fatigue, smudges, optical interference, and increased glare. â⬠¢Voice input allows you to ââ¬Å"talkâ⬠to your computer. Currently, such programs can understand and respond to natural speech delivered at rates of up to 160 words per minute. Pen-like devices use pressure, light, electromagnetic disruption, or radio frequencies to enter and manipulate information through contact with the computer screen or a horizontal pad. A pen pad requires about as much room on the work surface as does a mouse. If pen technology is used on a horizontal pad, a workstation must provide adequate non-glare lighting for both it and the computer screen. LIGHTING Lighting not suited to working with a computer is a major contributing factor in visual discomforts including eyestrain, burning or itching eyes, and blurred or double vision. The lighting in most office environments is too bright for optimal VDT screen viewing. The illumination may be reduced by removing 2 bulbs in a 4-bulb fluorescent fixture, removing the bulbs in every other fixture, or turning off overhead lights altogether. Supplemental desk lighting is better than overhead lighting for reading or printed copy. Use the following recommendations to reduce eyestrain and eye fatigue: â⬠¢Close drapes/blinds to reduce glare. â⬠¢Adjust lighting to avoid glare on screen (light source should come at a 90 degree angle, with low watt lights rather than high). Avoid intense or uneven lighting in your field of vision. â⬠¢Place monitor at 90 degree angle to windows (where possible). â⬠¢Reduce overhead lighting (where possible). â⬠¢Use indirect or shielded lighting where possible. â⬠¢Walls should not be painted with a reflective finish. â⬠¢Use a glare screen or monitor shield to reduce glare from overhead lighting. WORK HABITS Repetitio us static work (working at the computer) is very fatiguing on your upper extremities as well as your eyes. It is important that breaks from working at the computer be taken every 20 to 40 minutes in order for your body to rest and recover. Taking a short break (3 to 5 minutes) does not mean you have to stop working, other activities such as talking to a co-worker, making copies, filing, etc. could be done during breaks from typing. It is also important to change positions periodically. According to the ââ¬Å"Alexander Technique,â⬠you should change sitting or leaning positions every 15 minutes (Bailin, à ¶ 13, http://www. netsci. org/Science/Special/feature01. html) Sitting in one position or leaning on your arms for an extended period of time can interfere with circulation. Laptop Computers NOTE: IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT LAPTOP COMPUTERS ARE NOT RECOMMENDED AS PRIMARY COMPUTERS. IN THE OFFICE OR WHILE AT HOME, A DOCKING STATION IS RECOMMENDED TO PROVIDE ADJUSTABILITY WHICH WILL ENHANCE NEUTRAL POSTURES. Computing Maintaining neutral postures will reduce stress and strain to the musculoskeletal system. â⬠¢Incorporate mini-breaks every 20 to 30 minutes to break up repetition and static postures. â⬠¢Maintain a comfortable viewing distance from your screen; about 18-30 inches. â⬠¢Keep your head and neck in a neutral posture; avoid excessive neck flexion or rotation. â⬠¢Angle the screen so that it is perpendicular to your line of sight, if lighting permits. Position the keyboard at elbow height, and keep your wrists straight while keying. Experiment with table height, chair height and keyboard angle to maintain neutral wrist postures. â⬠¢Remember: if you raise your chair use a footrest to support your feet. When seated your hips should be slightly higher than your knees. â⬠¢If you are seated in a side chair or couch, use a pillo w to support your arms while keying. This will help you maintain neutral arm, wrist, and hand postures. â⬠¢Attach an external mouse instead of using the small constricted touchpad or trackball. â⬠¢Clean the screen regularly using appropriate antistatic cleaning materials. The hands and wrists should be kept in a straight wrist posture when typing and should not be resting on a pal rest, table, or lap while typing. Wrist and palm rests are designed to provide support during breaks from typing. Transporting the Computer Keep these ideas in mind while carrying your laptop from place to place: â⬠¢Eliminate unnecessary baggage from your briefcase; the less demand placed on the body the better. â⬠¢Carry your laptop in a case with a padded shoulder strap and handle. Frequently shift hands or shoulders to balance the load. â⬠¢Use a wheeled luggage cart when possible.
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Little Miss Sunshine Movie Essay
Little Miss Sunshine In the film, ââ¬Å"Little Miss Sunshineâ⬠an extraordinary family explores many obstacles that troubles their way to their journey to Olive's (daughter) beauty pageant. Along the way the family learns to love, care and support each other. Little Miss Sunshine illustrated that love can be expressed through different forms. Firstly, the movie illustrated how the value of family is very important. The family uses everyone's strengths to support each other. During the movie, many challenges such as the unreliable VW bus and sneaking grandpa out of the hospital required the whole family to work together to accomplish a common goal.The Hoover family valued the family as a whole and would not leave anyone behind. An example is when they left Olive at the gas station and then came back to pick her up. Even though, Sheryl and Richard may have had some arguments,sometimes arguments can be used to strengthen a relationship. In Little Miss Sunshine, grandpa may seem fo ul-mouthed ,grouchy and rude but he still exhibits a caring side. When his son Richard is at the point of bankruptcy, grandpa goes to the front of the van to give Richard his support. Grandpa says a few words of encouragement and sincerely looks him in the eye.I believe that even though every family may encounter many problems, we grow stronger because of the bonds we make. I believe that the Hoover family valued their family by providing unconditional love and support, not leaving anyone behind and when Richard chose to trust Olive, when she said she'll win the pageant. Secondly, in Little Miss Sunshine the family provides many functions for one another. One of the functions they provide for one another is support. An example is, when Olive was about to perform her dance.When she was just about to go on stage both Dwain and Richard tried to stop Olive because they were afraid she was not good enough against the other girls. However, Sheryl( mother) argued that if Olive wanted to pe rform on stage,it was up to her and was ultimately her decision whether to perform or not. In the end, Olive decided to perform and made a fool out of herself, However her whole family came up on stage to support her. At that moment, the family did not care about anything else, except for Olive's happiness. Thirdly, in the movie the family provided love as another function for one another.An example is when Dwain realized that he might be colorblind when Olive tested his color vision. Dwain was mad, frustrated and out of control because his dream of becoming a fighter pilot was not possible now. In order to become a fighter pilot, Dwain needed good vision, including color vision. Dwain started kicking the van and soon the whole family gave Dwain some time to settle down. After a few minutes, Olive came over to offer her support (hugs) Dwain. He soon calms down and apologized for his actions and rude comments about the family. The family then resumed their journey to Olive's pageant. This scene demonstrated love because everyone in the family cared about Dwain's dream of becoming a fighter pilot, they knew exactly how he felt and how it must have hurt knowing that his dream was crushed, just like that. In the movie, a simple hug from Olive showed how love never fails. Lastly, I believe that a family doesn't need to be normal to function. It takes love , affection and support in order for a family to function. In the movie, love was present but expressed differently. An example would be when grandpa passed away, Sheryl told the family that no matter what happens she will still love each and everyone in the family.The father on the other hand, who is obsessed with the ââ¬Å"9 steps to winningâ⬠program still loves Olive for who she is, even though in the end she didn't win the pageant. Support strengthens the family bond, love never fails and affection provides a lovable environment. Little Miss Sunshine illustrated how there are different families in societ y, but it doesn't necessarily take a normal family to function properly. Throughout this journey, the Hoover family learned to trust each other, to persevere through the difficult times and to always hope for the best.
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1
Supply chain management - Essay Example Supply chain management, on the other side is viewed as a management philosophy (Mentzer, 2001). Supply chain management can be defined as the encompassment of management and planning of various activities that are involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion as well as various other activities regarding logistics. The most important aspect of SCM is that it includes collaboration and co-ordination of different channel partners including suppliers, intermediaries and customers. In simple words, SCM integrates the demand and supply management across and within the companies (Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, n.d.). The SCM concept views all the channel partners as a ââ¬Ësingle entityââ¬â¢ instead of considering them fragmented parts. According to Stevens, main objective of maintaining the supply chain is synchronizing the flow of goods and services with the needs of the customers so as to manage the balance among the high customer service, low unit cost and low inventory management (Mentzer, 2001). Monczka opined that SCMââ¬â¢s primary objective is managing and integrating the source, flow as well as the control of materials by using a perspective of ââ¬Ëtotal systemââ¬â¢ across different tiers of suppliers and different functions (Mentzer, 2001).
Friday, September 27, 2019
What Is the Controlling Law, Testimony and Liability Research Paper - 3
What Is the Controlling Law, Testimony and Liability - Research Paper Example As an initial matter, vicarious liability refers to a type of liability that results from the commission of negligent acts or criminal acts committed by one or more persons that are, by law, thereafter shared or assigned to another person or other persons. (Hill v. McQueen, 1951: 484-485). Significantly, this liability via attribution is imposed vertically; more specifically, a person is subject to liability when a person or persons under its control cause some type of injury through negligent behavior, reckless behavior, or intentional behavior. In this case, Tex and Rex were sponsored by the resort and this sponsorship was made known to potential customers. In addition, the injuries sustained resulted from the negligence, and perhaps, reckless disregard of the resortââ¬â¢s agents, Tex and Rex. They knew, for example, that Molly had certain potentially hazardous inclinations; they knew that the injured party was ignorant when it came to horses; and finally, as experienced stable hands, they knew that injuries could result from placing inexperienced riders on such a horse. The resort might argue that Tex and Rex acted in excess of their duties or authority; however, an important principle of vicarious liability holds that ââ¬Å"An employer may be held responsible for the tort committed by the employee where the act is incidental to and done in furtherance of the business of the employer even though the servant or agent acted in excess of the authority or willfully or maliciously committed the wrongâ⬠(Ada-Konawa Bridge Co. v. Cargo, 1932: 7). The plaintiffs, as a result, should not be deterred by allegations that Tex and Rex acted in excess of their authority because this type of liability can still vest and include the resort as a responsible party.
Thursday, September 26, 2019
Choose one from 5 options Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Choose one from 5 options - Outline Example Job analysis assumes an important place in human resources management because of its significance and implications in both strategic and operational issues of an organization. Job analysis when broken down into smaller specifications drives job descriptions, job priorities and job classifications (Marchington & Wilkinson 2005, p.167) which help the organization in multiple ways. With the help of job design, competent and skilled employees can be recruited (Elearn 2009, p. 2013), job activities can be redesigned, modified or simplified and job activities also serve as the basis for setting compliance, safety, compensation, performance, training and development and other managerial standards. Job analysis is often confused and used simultaneously with the terms ââ¬Ëoccupationââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëpositionââ¬â¢. While a position is determined by the number of workers in an organization, occupation is the sum total of jobs of similar kind in an organization. Thus, all technical jobs cumulate to form an occupation. Understanding the difference between these terms is also crucial from organizational point of view because jobs make occupations, occupations turn into positions and finally positions develop into organizational structure. Having being talked about two-legged approach of job analysis in an organization, the body of the essay gets split into two divisions where first part will talk about functions or domains which job analysis serves in. As for example and already mentioned above, the role of job analysis spans across human resource planning, recruitment, training, development, performance appraisal, compensation plans, evaluation and counseling and even job and organizational redesign (Management Study Guide n.d) (Figure 2). This section will more or less emphasize on describing the tasks and activities of specific functions that relate with job analysis and prove to be of a critical component in these domains. It will be more inclined towards elaborating
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
A Great Deal of Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2
A Great Deal of Stress - Essay Example I recently uncovered that one of our members was selling these very same exams via the school website to people outside of the BSP community. The fact that people outside of our program were receiving these past examination papers did not bother me much. What really disturbed me was that the culprit was profiting from a resource that is normally free. It was a difficult decision to make because I was personally close to the person doing this. I was in a dilemma ââ¬â I also wanted to protect the integrity of the program along with all of its benefits. I could not even seek help from others. It was a question of making a value-driven decision, which potentially puts our friendship at stake. However tough it may have been, I finally chose to go by what my conscience told me. I brought it to the attention of the Director and the Assistant Directors. Appropriate disciplinary action was taken and there were no major implications to the program and the organization. If I had to deal with a similar circumstance in the future, I would still have made the same choice, of abiding by the principles and values that I have earned through my upbringing. While it may be easy to decide, on the contrary, it will be strongly against my core values and principles. And since I have always lived by and made principle-driven decisions, I have not felt regret or resentment having made such a decision, because I am aware that with all conscience, I am doing what I ought to do.
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
Marketing Audit on a 1 shop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words
Marketing Audit on a 1 shop - Essay Example According to the figures released earlier this year, Poundland reported an 81.5% increase in profits from the previous year. Poundworld posted record profits of ?5.4m in on sales of ?133m. Buying from these pound points provides incredible value for money to the consumers, and with budgets stretched, it makes pound shops very preferable for them. The low prices are made possible due to low costs incurred in their model, by these shops. A conscious effort to keep a check on costs is made, in terms of overhead expenses and direct costs. Pound shops are able to save large chunk of money by buying in bulk quantities. They donââ¬â¢t shelve varieties for their products, but usually stack on products from one or two manufacturers for each category. This allows them a lot of bargaining power with the suppliers. Since they only have to stock few varieties for each product category, they can always switch to those suppliers that offer the lowest rates. Even renowned brands have supplied the ir products to pound shops, recently. Pound shopsââ¬â¢ model is based on keeping prices at the low price points, ensuring thereââ¬â¢s price consistency across the shop, and which continues overtime. This creates greater certainty for the customers, who confidently return to the shop, knowing they would be able to shop without draining on their low budgets. For the administration too, itââ¬â¢s a relief, since they donââ¬â¢t have to spend time and hire resources, to calculate prices for each product item. All product items can be arranged anywhere in the shop, and rearranged to change the display, without worrying about changing tags, or shelves. Pound shops also donââ¬â¢t undergo price inflation. This certainty gives them a rare advantage over other consumer retail and other avenues of consumersââ¬â¢ pounds, where inflation can be a huge drain on consumersââ¬â¢ already limited incomes. Pound shops try to absorb inflation by negotiating harder with suppliers so th ey continue getting products at same level of prices. Alternatively, they might switch to another supplier, which, however, could be offering products which are inferior to those previously offered. However, at times, pound shops have been known to counter inflation by other means too. Instead of increasing prices, they have reduced the quantity of product offered. 99p Stores, for instance, were selling 200g Toblerones but later the chocolate bars were only 170g in weight. In general, however, the zero-price inflation, price consistency, and of course low prices, ensure a large customer base for pound shops. In times of recession and low economic growth, when wages donââ¬â¢t increase by much, if at all, low wage earners find pound shops extremely valuable. When unemployment is relatively high, more people are living off benefits. Middle and upper classes too feel compelled to look for value in their shopping, and then there are students and other such groups of consumers who are very conscious about their spending. With their unique business model, pound shops are able to reach out to, and cater to, a larger customer base than other retailers. Pound shops also employ an effective tool in their marketing mixes- that of psychological pricing, in pricing. 99c is a successful price point chain in UK, and others also use the psychological pricing effectively, to give the consumer the perception of greater value for money. In terms
Monday, September 23, 2019
To Shame or Not to Shame the Offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1
To Shame or Not to Shame the Offenders - Essay Example Tangney believes that shame discourages the offender to be better. While reading this article, the main question that lingered in mind is how we can discourage crime in society? In essence, it is crucial to shame individuals to deter crime in the society. Well, one way to discourage offenders from committing a crime is by imposing a structure where they understand that they will reap what they sowed. Thus, this paper seeks to discuss why it is important to shame offenders so that they can focus on the negative effects of their behavior.Ã I agree with Tangney article on how offenders are likely to be guilt when imprisoned for life. As this article puts it, this may increase brutalization in society and increase the crime rate. The act of imprisoning people to death may increase psychological problems and thus, this is likely to increase the rate of killing. The act is morally problematic and flawed especially with the cost linked to it. Tangney (571) believes that society should work hard to ensure that offenders understand their negative constructive feelings. For instance, the government may create a platform where offenders understand the painful impact they bring to others. Tangney believes that this would prevent people from committing the crime without having to imprison them for life.However, I believe that most offenders are selfish and they do not care about the person they are harming. For instance, one would go into a jewelry store and steal an expensive necklace. I believe that such a person understand th e negative consequences of his behaviors to others. In other instances, sex offenders are selfish and do not care about the consequences of their negative behaviors. They ignore the fact that the person they are sexually assaulting can be sexually infected or become pregnant. Based on my analysis, I believe that most offenders are fully aware of their actions and how they affect others. With this, I believe that offenders should suffer for their wrongdoings and in the case of murder; he or she deserves a death penalty (Cromie and Lynn 22). The measure of the punishments should depend upon the magnitude of the crime. The court should punish those in the wrong to deter crime in the society. Criminals should be punished for the wrongdoing and capital punishment or the death penalty should be imposed on those convicted of a severe crime. Capital punishment is justified to a nation as it deters murders from killing innocent people.
Sunday, September 22, 2019
Exploring the Past Essay Example for Free
Exploring the Past Essay All of us have little secrets which we donââ¬â¢t want to share with others ââ¬â things which we are ashamed of, things which are too intimate to tell or just things which happened in the past and we donââ¬â¢t want to tell them because they may hurt someone or they may cause troubles to us. I have the perfect example that exploring the past sometimes may be painful. I have a friend ââ¬â Lora- which is very amorous and gives all of herself for her boyfriend. But her ex one didnââ¬â¢t understand that. Tom ââ¬â her ex-boyfriend was very weird and he wanted to know all about Loraââ¬â¢s previous relationships. One day he asked her why she has broken up with her last boyfriend. At first she didnââ¬â¢t want to talk about that but he was urging her. So she told Tom that she has betrayed her last boyfriend and that was the reason of their parting. When she has been at a party at a friend of her she has got very drunk and a boy from the party has embraced the opportunity and got alone with her. In the morning she couldnââ¬â¢t remember anything but it has been too late. The lover had gone off. Her only fault was that she had drunk so much but she wasnââ¬â¢t guilty for the rest of the occurrence. But her then boyfriend didnââ¬â¢t understand that and he left her although she loved him very much. As for Tom he thought Lora could do that again. They have been together for two years and he chucked her up because she might repeat the same mistake again. It was such a stupid reason. She could correct her mistake but she loved Tom very much. He loved her too but feelings were obviously insufficient to keep them together. They both pined after each other for a long but they didnââ¬â¢t get together again. We canââ¬â¢t return the time and fix our mistakes, nobody can change the past. So it is extremely purposeless to explore the old times. Itââ¬â¢s just a waste of time which we can spend in creating the future.
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Material Science Essay Example for Free
Material Science Essay Abstract In this assignment I will be defining the 3 essential properties of every material and describing those. I would also be describing how silicon-based semiconductors revolutionized computing. I will also define what microchips are and how they relate to integrate circuits. Since the pressing questions about the increasing ability of computers to quickly process large amounts of information is whether a computer can be built that is considered ââ¬Å"aliveâ⬠or ââ¬Å"conscious.â⬠I will also be defining artificial intelligence and telling the difference between the human brain and the central processing unit of a computer. Material Science There are three essential properties of every material that scientists use as a foundation for most every study. First it is the kind of atoms that is made up from the material. There are the neutral elements and the compound elements. The neutral elements would have the identical amount of protons and electrons; this would essentially terminate one another, which would leave the protons and electrons neutral. The compound element is when there is a combination of more than one element. The atoms are second in the way that they are arranged. A great way to explain this is by relating atoms of liquid and atoms of solids. For example the atoms of liquids move around allowing the atoms of solids which are packed together. The way that atoms are attached together is number three. These are the key properties when understanding the study of materials. The strong point of the material, this is the capability to endure forces being useful to it without breaking, this is first. The materials elasticity is second, which is the capability to flex while returning to its original form. Number three is the materials plasticity; this is the ability to change its shape forever. Thanks to the starter of semiconductors, computers have developed over a billion times faster than one of the first built in 1946 (ENIAC). Describe how silicon-based semiconductors revolutionized computing. Since silicone semiconductors are capable to move easily through the solid component it is more proficient than copper based conductors. Silicone based conductorââ¬â¢s makes holes which produces and fills a space constantly. This means electrons jump from one atom to another. This will also change the silicon through a process called doping by adding either phosphorus or aluminum the desired effect is achieved. When adding phosphorus to silicon it develops n-type which is negative-semiconductor. When adding aluminum to silicone it develops p-type semiconductors. These are both essential parts functions efficient electrical devices microchips, which are used in computers. Microchips are positive and negative type semiconductors. Microchips do a detailed function. A microchip is individual diodes and transistors will play a big part of the essential function in modern electronics, although these strategies have been mainly replaced by much more complex arrays of P- and N- kind semiconductors, known as microchips. Microchips may join hundreds or thousands of transistors in one integrated circuit, particularly intended to do a specific role. They are related to integrated circuits this is why. Combined circuits (microchips) are the main component in devices such as microwave calculators, and other devices. An integrated circuit microprocessor lies on modern technology. Modern technology is occupied with electrical integrated circuits. Such as, Televisions, MP3 players and computers all contain integrated circuit which allows them to perform specific functions. Also known as microchips or microprocessors, these circuits keep track of all the information being transferred within the device, in essence giving it life. Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce are both who take credit with inventing the integrated circuit, both coming up with the idea within a year of each other while working for separate companies. Artificial Intelligence is a division of science which deals with helping machines and finds explanations to complex problems in a more human like manner. This normally contains borrowing features from human intelligence, and applying them as procedures in a computer friendly way. A more or less well-organized approach can be taken depending on the necessities recognized, which impacts how artificial the intelligent performance seems. (http://ai-depot.com/Intro.html) The 2 essential differences between human brains and the central processing unit of a computer is the brain-computer metaphor has served intellectual psychology well, research in intellectual neuroscience has revealed many significant changes between brains and computers. Escalating these differences may be crucial to understanding the mechanisms of neural information processing, and eventually for the creation of artificial intelligence. (http://scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/03/27/why-the-brain-is-not-like-a-co/) One difference is that brains are analogue and computers are digital. For instance one of the primary devices of information communication appears to be the amount at which neurons fire a fundamentally unbroken variable. Likewise, networks of neurons can fire in relative synchrony or in relative confusion; the coherence affects the strength of the signals received by downstream neurons. Lastly, inside each and every neuron is a leaky integrator circuit, composed of a diversity of ion channels and endlessly changing membrane potentials. (http://scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/03/27/why-the-brain-is-not-like-a-co/) Another difference is short-term memory is not like RAM. While the superficial similarities between RAM and short-term memory encouraged many early intellectual psychologists, a closer examination reveals strikingly important differences. Although RAM and short-term memory both seem to required power, short-term seems to hold only to long-term memory however. RAM holds data that is Isomorphic which is having similar appearance but different ancestry. Not like RAM, the capacity limit of short-term memory is not fixed, the capacity of short-term memory seems to vary with differences in processing speed as well as with expertise and understanding. (http://scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/03/27/why-the-brain-is-not-like-a-co/)
Friday, September 20, 2019
General Motors Human Resources and Management
General Motors Human Resources and Management This report presents an analysis of the mission statement of General Motors as well as its key business processes. It also illustrates how the key business processes integrate with the information systems and our suggestions and recommendations to those processes that would better suit General Motors. The report also identifies the environmental factors which affect the company in terms of political, economic, social, ecological and technological factors and the impact that these factors have had on General Motors and the strategic diversity the company has had to adopt to accommodate these changes. Finally the report explores ways on how new information systems can help General Motors create great efficiency by automating and streamlining parts of its business processes. The report concludes by incorporating our recommendations of appropriate information systems for each department within the company. Introduction General Motors is the worlds largest automaker with 386,000 employees in over 50 years. Despite this sheer size, its auto sales have declined from about 60 percent of the U.S. vehicle market in the 1970s to only 28.3 percent today. This decline is attributed to stiff competition from Ford, DaimlerChrysler and the Japanese all of whom enjoy lower production costs, have a reputation for cars with better styling and quality than General Motors. General Motors adoption of a vertically integrated corporation which at one time manufactured up to 70 percent of its parts, as a power source of competitive advantage, enabled the company to build cars at lower costs than its rivals. However, over time, these policies worked in favour of General Motors competitors who were then able to make motor vehicles at much lower costs because they could purchase their vehicle parts from outside vendors and also bargain on pricing. For the past 15 years, General Motors has struggled to overcome the above legacy, inefficient product processes and thousands of outdated information systems that could not communicate with each other. Although the company has now become much leaner and more efficient by shedding off tens of thousands of workers, closing dozens of plants and squeezing costs of motor vehicle parts by scouring the globe for the lowest prices much still needs to be done. It is our recommendation that General Motors use Internet and other leading-edge information systems technology to reconstruct its entire value chain, transforming itself into a customer-focused business that provides many different electronic services to consumers as well as motor vehicles. Mission Statement General Motors mission statement states that GM is a multinational corporation engaged in socially responsible operations, worldwide. It is dedicated to provide products and services of such quality that our customers will receive superior value while our employees and business partners will share in our success and our stock-holders will receive a sustained superior return on their investment. We analysed the above mission statement using Druckers five questions namely:- What is our business? Who is the customer? What is the value to the customer? What will our business be? What should our business be? We arrived at the conclusion that there was a need to modify General Motors mission statement since the above questions were not fully exhausted. The current mission statement does not indicate that GM is a producer of motor vehicle; neither does it take into consideration the Global Sullivan Principle. As a marketing tool, it does not mention that it is dedicated towards providing products and services to customers who are targeted in 200 different countries. Our recommended General Motors mission statement should read as follows: GM is a multinational producer of motor vehicles engaged in socially responsible operations worldwide and committed to achieve the best in every facet of our business. Under the aspects of Global Sullivan Principles, GM is dedicated to provide products and services of such quality that our customers who are targeted in 200 different countries will receive superior value while our employees and business partners will share in our success and our stock-holders will receive a sustained superior return on their investment. Key Business Processes Key business process is defined as the execution of a series of activities that work together to produce a well defined set of products and services which leads to the achievement of a measurable business result. They also represent unique ways in which organisations coordinate work, information, and knowledge, and the ways in which management chooses to coordinate work. Integration between Business Process and Information Systems Although each organisation has its own set of business processes, many other business processes are cross functional, transcending the boundaries between sales, marketing, manufacturing, research and development. These cross functional processes cut across the traditional organisation structure, grouping employees from different functional specialities to complete a piece of work. Information systems can help organisations achieve great efficiencies by automating parts of these processes or by helping organisations rethink and streamline these processes. By integrating these processes, organisations can become more focussed on efficient management of resources and customer services. Suggestions and recommendations of key business processes Functional Area Business Process Manufacturing and Production Assembling the product, checking for quality, producing bills of materials Sales and Marketing Identifying customers, making customers aware of the product, selling the product Finance and Accounting Paying creditors, creating financial statements, managing cash accounts Human Resources Hiring employees, evaluating employees job performance, enrolling employees in benefits plan External Environment There are three factors which had made General Motors in this situation. Firstly, the United States economy is not progressing cost their U.S. sales projections for 2008 have been too rosy. GM had been expecting more than 16 million vehicles, including trucks and buses, to be sold this year (Taylor III 2008). Secondly, intense competition from their global competitors such as Honda, Nissan, and Hyundai which had produce better fuel efficient engines, stylish at a much lower price compared to any GM brands. Thirdly, the worlds fuel price had increased to USD 120 per barrel in the market had made consumers not to purchase vehicle and using public transport or smaller vehicle. In the United States, consumers want to abandon their less-fuel-efficient vehicles for smaller cars, and thats illustrated by all sorts of trends, said David Tompkins, executive director of industry solutions for Edmunds.com, parent of Auto Observer (Buss 2008) (refer appendix 2). 1.0 Strategic Human Resource Management Theory 1.1 Balance Score Card Balance Score Card is a performance measurement indicator that can be used to measure the financial and non financial situation in General Motors. There are four parts; financial perspective, internal business perspective, customers perspective, learning and growth perspective. Balance Score Card is like your cars dash board where there is indicator on as you drive, you can look at the dashboard to obtain real-time information such as how fuel, speed and the distance youve traveled or even any faulty system etc. Its known to help companies and implement the changes required to meet their business goals (Pangakar Kirkwood, 2007). The balance score card enables the companies to develop a more comprehensive view of their operations and to better match all operating and investment activities to long- and short-term strategic objectives (Punniyamoorthy Murali, 2008). The loss of USD38.7 billion is a huge financial loss which in fact will affect the internal business process, the customer, and growth of GM. The huge loss was largely contributed from deferred tax charges and drop in sales. Currently, the organization financial perspective appears to the share holder is in a decline where GM shares fell nearly 5 percent, or USD1.67, to USD34.48 (Bunkley N. 2008). Thus to manage this losses, thousands of workers are laid off from duty. This will affect their internal business process and may lead to dissatisfied customers. For example, usually General Motors takes 1 week to deliver a car to a customer. When they decided to retrench workers they will lose their competitive advantage where now it takes 2 weeks to deliver a car. This will cause dissatisfaction to consumers because they have to wait an extra week to obtain their vehicle. In the end, the learning and growth perspective cant be achieved because the lack of resources will disable them to co mpete in the turbulent environment result to decline in sales. To ensure that General Motors can effectively achieve its balance score card in the future, they must handle their external environment issue concisely. They have to improve thru their internal process and learning and growth to overcome their competition issue. General Motors have to come out with new design and technology to increase the product line. Research and Development expenditure have to be spent so that they could create better vehicle then their competitors. How to create better vehicle than the competitors? This can be accomplished by purchasing the technology from their competitors or similar industry. For example Proton had acquire Lotus in the year 1996 had made them competitive at that point of time. When this happen, employees will have to be train thus it can increase the knowledge of the workers. In certain cases, workers will be sent oversea for such training to acquire technology. Workers will be more effective and consequently increase productivity in General M otors. Like a well oiled machine, every part in the organization performs best when all of them work towards a common goal. All of the four perspectives in the balances score card works hand in hand thru their substantial objectives, measures and initiatives. As mentioned above, to make sure that General Motors can make profit to cover the huge amount of losses they must increase productivity, more expenditure on research and development etc. In General Motors case, financial perspective is the key strategy for the other three perspectives. For General Motors, the learning perspective can work together with the sales department to train and coach the sales staff or even developing new efficient production, training equipment. To improve on the customer scorecard they could do research by surveys from their existing customers on how to improve customer relationships. Customer retention is important factor ignite buyers to increase sales. It ensures repeat purchase, increase positive word of mouth and reduce cost to find new customers. Balance Score Card will ensure human capital development, improving employee satisfaction and increasing employee motivation (Kaplan Norton, 1992) in General Motors. Link of each perspective in the Balance Score Card (BCS) High Performance Work System High performance work system (HPWS) is also another method to explain the situation in General Motors. Autonomous work teams, open systems and performance-based pay are known collectively as high-performance work systems (Rouse, 2000). HPWS have also come to be known as high involvement work systems, flexible work systems and high commitment work systems (Aghazadeh Seyedian, 2004) In other words, they are simply work practice that can be deliberately introduced in order to improved organizational performance The main focus of HPWS is organizing work so that the employees participate in decisions that affect the everyday operations of an organization. There are three potential factors that can affect high performance work system in General Motors; retrenchment of workers, technology used and layout design. A worker is the key success to any organization. Retrenchment will cause General Motors to lose talented workers subsequently lose competitive edge. To survive in the changing environment, a company must rely on their workers creativity, ingenuity problem solving ability and strong team work. Workers are able to make their own decision on the best way to accomplish their work. The knowledge and skill shared will create a high performance work system. For example, an engineer in General Motors is developing a fuel efficient engine. Engineer A may need assistants from Engineer B, however when GM decided to retrench workers, Engineer A will face difficulty in developing the engine. Performance of employee can be boost thru team works. A study by Thompson, Baughan and Motwani indicates that company such as General Electricity, Proctor Gamble, Xerox Corporation had huge increase productivity as high as 250 percent and double their profit (1998). The use of technology is another feature in High Performance Work System. All managers in every department of General Motors must be able to identify the technology they use in their organization. The application of Human Resource Information System that can store information on workers that can assist managers in deciding which employee is performing and which is not. The use of technology without human operating it is also meaningless. Managers in General Motor must identify whether the qualified workers are able to operate the tools or not. Layout of General Motors production plants and office be required to properly design in order for them to increase workers performance and productivity. This involves careful job designing by HR managers. According to Aghazadeh and Seyedian, layout plays a role to ensure success by using space, people and equipment effectively, increasing the flow of information and materials, boost employees morale and utterly encourage flexibility (2004). Managers in General Motors may have to come out with proposals to change the existing layout to a improved, sustainable working layout. If all of the three factors are taken into account, General Motors can recover from their huge financial losses just and can avoid retrenchment of employees. Although to implement HPWS is costly, uncertain success and time consuming but in the long run this can benefit General Motors. Recommendation for Human Resource Activities Training and development programs should be given to employee to ensure increase in productivity. Offshore training in Japan car manufacturers to learn various methods to make better cars. Mangers are required to make research and human resource planning on the best methods to do a particular task. General Motors would have to find a partner to form a strategic alliance to recover from the huge financial loss. From this alliance, both companies are potential to learn from each other on the technology and trade secrets. Develop a module which to help retrench workers to find a new job. This will avoid them from paying more money for their compensation of retrenchments Outsource to countries like China or India. Cheap labors will benefit companies to recover them from financial loss. Create a reward programme where employees are rewarded by their managers based on their ability to work in a group Create a talk to all employees at least once in 3 months to explain the companys vision, strategy and objective. This will make employees feel a sense of belonging and may be able to work extra for the company. Competitor Analysis Sheer size and market share make new entrants an unlikely to be a threat Vertical integration of GM does not encourage purchases from suppliers hence they lose out on price bargaining Ford, DaimlerChrysler and Japanese manufacturers have better styling and quality; an approach which GM should consider adopting to sustain its competitive edge Cost of GM motor vehicles is perceived as being too high Buyers are nowadays inclined to buy sport utility and pickups which are not manufactured by General Motors GM enjoys a healthy product line and segmentation in pricing and functions Information Systems Using information systems at each part of the organization creates great efficiencies by automating and streamlining parts of the business. We recommend the following information systems at each department within General Motors: Human Resource Information Systems These are systems that maintain employee records, track employee skills, job performance and support planning for employee compensation and career development. LEVEL RECOMMENDED I.S. PURPOSE Operational Employee Records Track employee training, skills and performance appraisal Knowledge Career Path Designs career paths for employees Management Compensation Analysis Monitors the range and distribution of employees wages, salaries benefits Strategic Human Resources Planning Plans the long-term labour force needs of the organization 2. Finance and Accounting Systems These are systems that keep track of the firms financial assets and fund flows. LEVEL RECOMMENDED I.S. PURPOSE Operational Accounts Receivable Track outstanding debts Knowledge Portfolio Analyses Designs portfolios investments Management Budgeting Prepares short-term budgets Strategic Profit Planning Plans long-term profits 3. Sales and Marketing Systems These are systems that help the firm identify customers for its product or services. They also assist to develop product or services that meet customer needs, promote and sell them as well as providing ongoing customer support. LEVEL RECOMMENDED I.S. PURPOSE Operational Order processing Enters, processes and tracks orders Knowledge Market Analyses Identifies customers and markets using data on demographics, markets, consumer behaviour and trends Management Pricing Analyses Determines prices for products and services Strategic Sales and Forecasting Prepares 3-5 year sales forecast 4. Manufacturing and Production Systems These are systems that deal with planning, development, production of products and services and controlling the flow of production. LEVEL RECOMMENDED I.S. PURPOSE Operational Machine Control Controls the actions of machines and equipment Knowledge Computer-Aided Design Designs new products using the computer Management Production Planning Decides when and how many products should be produced Strategic Facilities Location Prepares and decides where to locate new production facilities In addition to the information systems mentioned here above, we also recommend the following office automation systems: E-mail System: Improve GMs internal and external communication, creating an effective and efficient service Word Processing System: Office system technology that facilitates the creation of documents through computerized text editing, formatting, storing and printing Document Imaging System: System that converts documents and images into digital form so that they can be stored and accessed easily by the computer Timesheet System: Enables employees to fill in the timesheet forms online so that management can approve and track the timesheet online. Conclusion Whilst it would be make a lot of business sense for a company like Ford to close down more plants and accept a smaller portion of the U.S. market this strategy would not work in favour of GM because then the company would produce and sell fewer vehicles, meaning less income for those big pension and health-care costs. GM has to maintain its cash flow to cover these costs until a future date when it is hoped that the elderly retirees diminish in number whilst also making improvements in quality, efficiency, design and brand appeal. Although GM has cut the time to assemble a vehicle from an average of 32 hours in 1998 to 24 hours in 2003, Japanese competitors are still faster in getting new models into the market. Hondas new vehicle development cycle is only 14 months and the company is working towards compressing development time down to 12 months. GM should look at this as a challenge to embrace and strategise with a view to improve its development cycle to match its competitors if not exceed them. Whilst these recommendations provided are meant to help GM sustain its market share, they cannot be fully appreciated until they have been put to test and the results obtained critically analysed to create room for adjustments where necessary and where applicable.
Thursday, September 19, 2019
To What Extent Does Salinger Make You Sympathize With Holden Caulfield
To What Extent Does Salinger Make You Sympathize With Holden Caulfield The Catcher In The Rye By J.D.Salinger J.D Salinger has made the main character and narrator, Holden Caulfield, very complex. He has many good qualities that help the reader to sympathize with him. However throughout the novel the reader comes to realize that Holdenââ¬â¢s behaviour around other characters often contradicts the opinions he has expressed to t he reader. This makes us see that, at times, Holden is no better than the characters he dislikes. It makes him seem ââ¬Å"phoney.â⬠However his use of colloquial language helps the reader to realize that Holden is still quite young and has a childish and immature view of life. You can see how immature he is because even though he is sixteen he still made a snowball and tried to get on a bus without realizing that the bus driver would make him throw it out. ââ¬Å"The snow was very good for packing. I didnââ¬â¢t throw it at anything,â⬠Holden then complains, ââ¬Å"But he wouldnââ¬â¢t believe me. People never believe you.â⬠This is a very childish thing to say, if he doesnââ¬â¢t get his own way then Holden believes that itââ¬â¢s the other personââ¬â¢s fault. He never considers that the bus driver is just doing his job or that eventually the snowball would melt on the bus creating more work for the bus driver who would probably have to clean it up. He instead immediately assumes that everyone is biased against him instead of maturely just accepting that you have to follow the rules and you canââ¬â¢t just create your own. Holden is disillusioned and sees everyone as being cynical and believes that everything is either black or white; Holden Caulfield sees childhood as being ideal and he thinks adulthood is filled with corrupt p... ...the windows on the station wagon.â⬠Stradlater seems to make these repressed emotions resurface by insulting Holden through his lack of respect for Jane and the hard work Holden had just put into writing that essay for him. I think that Salinger is mainly successful in his attempt to make the reader sympathize with Holden. Although at the beginning of the book Holden appears to be fake and uncaring towards several of the other characters, as the book progresses the reader is shown how he has been through the tragic loss of his brother and suppresses any emotions he had about him, and how Holden really wants to fit in with the ââ¬Å"Adult worldâ⬠even if some of the things he is doing he disagrees with. Holden is just a normal person with flaws like anyone else, the difference is that Holden can admit his faults and doesnââ¬â¢t judge others immediately by theirs.
Wednesday, September 18, 2019
Late April, Early May :: Personal Narrative Writing
Late April, Early May Eileen was special. At least, that's how all of the teachers described her. But all of the kids knew that saying she was "special" was really just a nice way of saying that she was handicapped, or retarded as most of the kids said. The problem with Eileen was that she wasn't completely retarded so she knew when she was being made fun of, which was often. Whenever I'd see her in the halls there would always be a string of kids behind her making jokes and doing impressions of her. She acted as if she didn't notice, but I could always tell from the look on her face that she heard them perfectly, and I could tell that it hurt. I had seventh period gym with Eileen. This is where, for the first time, I was able to see firsthand the torment and ridicule that Eileen had to go through. We were doing pull-ups on a large metal bar one day. When it was Eileen's turn to go, she got up on the bar, went down, and then began with all of her might to pull herself back up. All of the kids began to chuckle as she struggled terribly, all red in the face. It was at this point that we all saw something fall from Eileen's shorts and plop down on the floor beneath her. "She's shit herself," someone exclaimed. It was true. Eileen was pushing so hard trying to pull herself up that it came out right there in front of the entire class. After she had gotten down the class was still laughing hysterically. She looked more confused than embarrassed really. To be honest, I couldn't tell if she was indifferent about what had just happened or if she was horribly embarrassed but just didn't quite know how to react to the situation yet. She bolted out the door in tears just moments later. In the weeks following that incident I didn't see Eileen much. Maybe she couldn't handle coming back to school so soon after what had happened, or maybe I was just lucky enough to have a break from seeing her being constantly belittled and mocked. Not that anyone would ever admit that they really cared, but during those weeks I heard a few kids inquire as to where she was. I think that people liked having her around because she was almost like a safety net for them.
Tuesday, September 17, 2019
Elizabethan Foods And Feasts Essay
The Elizabethan culture has many unusual aspects to it. Their food was one of the more unusual. Many different foods made up the Elizabethan diet and nothing was wasted. In this paper those foods, along with food trends, feasts, and recipes will be portrayed. Food for the Elizabethans was a way of coming together and a way of showing status in society. In Daily Life in Elizabethan England, breakfast was rarely eaten. If eaten it was usually pottage (stew), bread, or leftovers. Dinner was the biggest meal of the day for commoners and served at noon. Supper was the bigger meal for the upper class and served between six and nine oââ¬â¢clock. Some dinner dishes included pottage, roasted lamb, baked venison, tarts, and roasted rabbit. Bread was a staple in the Elizabethan diet. The upper class enjoyed the whitest Elizabethan bread, called Manchet. The lower class ate rye, barely, and mixed-grain breads. Fish was a large part of their diet and so were vegetables. Spices were used as a way to demonstrate oneââ¬â¢s social position. Ale was the traditional drink. ââ¬Å"Supper and Feasts,â⬠from the web site Let-Them-Eat-Cake offered a look into upper class food. Supper was often a grand occasion, as nobility liked to entertain guests at huge banquets especially on holy days, weddings, and Christmas. The most Chatel 2 lavish feasts had three courses, with as many as 15 dishes a course. Some of these included peacocks along with other fancy birds that were served with their feathers on. Any type of meat rarely was served in a meal twice. Meals were eaten with fingers, there were no forks only spoons and knives. Sugar was a luxury only the rich could afford. Many ate so many sweets and desserts it caused black teeth. Common people had better teeth because of the little sugar they had in their diets from fruits. The articles ââ¬Å"Snack Foodsâ⬠and ââ¬Å"What We Eatâ⬠from the Renaissance web site told of the many sweet foods eaten as snacks. Marzipan, an almond paste, sweetened, colored, and made into many fancy shapes. Gingerbread, sweetà cakes, puddings, daryole (cheesecakes), custards, and fruit pies. The most commonly used flavoring in sweets are almonds. Cinnamon, clove, and sandalwood are also some well-used spices. Sugar is imported and much too expensive for the common man. Only the wealthy are able to get sugar. In ââ¬Å"Ingredients Used in the Sixteenth Century English Cookeryâ⬠from the web site Infotrope listed the many meats, spices, fruits, vegetables, and dried foods used in dishes. Some of the most commonly used are beef, venison, lamb, pork, rabbit, and birds, duck, chickens, pigeons, fish, cabbage, lettuce, spinach, sage, carrots, onions, radishes, a scallion, turnips, beans, figs, gooseberries, apples, dries currants. Another interesting tidbit was that due to an increased longing for privacy the upper class sometimes ate their meals in a ââ¬Å"closetâ⬠(a small private room.) The servants and household staff members ate in the main hall. To give the class an idea of what Elizabethan food is really like I will be bringing in three dishes to go with my presentation. The dishes are Maid of Honor Cakes, Tarts of Chatel 3 Flesh (pork dumplings), and an Apple and Orange Tart. My biggest interest of the Elizabethan food trends were the feasts they had. A poster will be part of the Elizabethan food presentation but has yet to be completed. The poster will include pictures of different dishes, tableware, etiquette, classic paintings of Elizabethan feasts, and a menu of a wedding feast. The food was one of the many reasons the Elizabethan time period has place in history. I hope I have at least given a little taste of why that is so far.
Monday, September 16, 2019
Building an Organization II
In building an organization, there are a lot of things to consider. Many questions to answer, many materials to organize and it is important to have the enough capacity (could be financial) and manpower to realize the organizationââ¬â¢s goal. In this particular organization, the focus is directed towards giving service and care to abused women and children, at no cost. Building an ethical organization is a challenge made easy when, as a person, seeing the hapless situation of these poor victims of violence, we aim to give an end to their suffering and help them.We feel that it is our moral obligation, given the circumstances, to extend our hand and offer as much as we can, change their lives as far as we could, and hopefully inspire them to live their lives as a whole person again. II. Description of the Organization As mentioned in the first draft of the organizationââ¬â¢s profile. SHIELD Us, as it stands for the following goals: S ââ¬â Safety of the victim is the topmost priority. The Organization deals with abused women and children and this issue is very delicate and dangerous at times, for both the victim and organization.Excessively beaten abused women and children needs emergency care at the soonest possible time and saving them is the topmost priority of SHIELD Us. Moreover, enraged abusers may hunt their escaped victims and by so doing endangering them once again. In addition to this, victims would be placed under safe keeping by hiding them in a safe house inaccessible by the abusers. Also, to provide close monitoring as to the physical and mental health of the victim, for at times they think of ending their suffering. H ââ¬â Helping with open arms and without asking anything in return.The Organization was founded on the basis of moral obligation, and by so doing should emphasize that the Organizationââ¬â¢s goal is not to gain profit, monetary or otherwise, but instead, to extend open arms to those who are unfortunately abused by thei r perpetrators, without asking for anything in return, be it monetary or services or otherwise. The Organization is built on the premise of providing free service, and unselective of people who can gain access of the Organizationââ¬â¢s services. I ââ¬â Imparting time and love for the care of the disadvantaged women and children.In times of crisis, these unlucky victims of violence went through a very grave ordeal. The least that the Organization can do is to offer them undivided attention and provide them with the loving and caring, as one person must give willingly, to another person, untarnished with any romantic intention, but rather of a pure love and care that they so deserve and need. E ââ¬â Enhancing knowledge about the reasons why they underwent such endeavors. One of the Organizationââ¬â¢s priorities is public awareness and education as to the causes and roots of abuse.A particular victim might blame themselves or think that itââ¬â¢s their fault, or that th ey deserve what happened to them, the Organization aims to remove that thought and would enlighten them about their ordeal. L ââ¬â Love and trust, helping them live their lives again. As part of the rehabilitation program of the Organization, SHIELD Us aims to make available any resources, physically, emotionally, and mentally, to help the victims able to stand on their own again, and venture out into the world once more, fully equipped and armored for another try in life.D ââ¬â Dedicated to the cause of stopping violence against women and children. As the Vision of the Organization, SHIELD Usââ¬â¢ ultimate goal is to eradicate violence against women and children, all over the world. It is the mantra of every personnel within the Organization to put a stop to whatever violence they would witness or came to know of. The Organization would utilize any means possible, legally, to end this extreme violation of women and childrenââ¬â¢s right to live, as normal individuals i n our community.Un-battered and untouched, never going out with big shaded eyeglasses, and thick make-up, to hide their bruises and cuts; never be afraid of coming home; never be afraid to commit mistakes; never be wondering why they get abused ââ¬â all these things and more ââ¬â would be the Organizationââ¬â¢s end goal. SHIELD Us, is an organization functioning on its own, independent of the government and solely dedicated to providing service with no cost, and do not intend to raise any profits whatsoever for personal usage of the Board of Directors and the employees, and everybody within the organization.Therefore, SHIELD Us is a Non-Government, Non-Profit Organization providing free shelter, medical care and rehabilitation for abused women and children who are in need of help. Thus saying, the clientele mainly of this organization would be abused women and children who are in need of helping. III. Mission Statement: Mission: Providing a safe environment for abused wom en and children, where they can receive proper medical attention; appropriate psychological treatment and rehabilitation; and proper counseling about the legal workings of their cases, without judgment and maintaining their anonymity.The mission mainly addresses the means on how to achieve the ultimate goal of the Organization in eradicating violence against women and children, all over the world. As mentioned in the acronym SHIELD Us, safety for these individuals would be given through placing them in a safe environment far from their abusers. This can be achieved through acquiring a lot in a concealed area where it can not be easily located and erecting mini-clinics for provision of first aids and for emergency situations.For psychological treatment, since the Organization is non-profitable, it would find it easier to invite psychiatrists to provide free consults and join in the Organizationââ¬â¢s cause. As for rehabilitation, milieu therapy would be quite appropriate for these individuals, thereby providing them safe and secured environment where they can release their emotions and not feel threatened and live in fear of being violated again. As for the legalities, for example, lawsuits filed by the abused individual, the Organization would support the lawsuit and the individual one hundred and one percent.If any case that the individual can not afford to sustain her complaints, the Organization would find a way of continuing the battle through solicitations, asking for donations, and inviting lawyers to join in the cause and provide pro bono services. The Organizationââ¬â¢s values statement clearly encompasses no passing of judgment and working with the individual without bias and strictly prohibits divulging of information outside of the Organization, or even within the Organization among personnel who doesnââ¬â¢t have sufficient authority to gain knowledge about a particular situation or individuals.The following objectives and strategies are se lf-explanatory and need no further expansion. Objectives: 1. To provide a safe shelter where abused women and children can stay for free. 2. To give free medical care to abused women and children. 3. To provide free proper psychological treatment to help them cope with their emotional traumas. 4. To provide a favorable environment for rehabilitation for abused women and children for free. 5. To offer legal counseling about their situation for free. 6. To help women and children go to the proper authorities to report their ordeals. 7.To cooperate with the proper authorities and put perpetrators in jail. 8. To conduct educational seminars on the preliminary signs of abuse, and what to do about it. 9. To provide education to women and children to further enlighten them about the origin of abuse. 10. To have a self-defense class available for women and children for them to protect themselves. 11. To go on missions to rescue women and children who had been held captive or was placed in a very horrible situation. 12. To participate in programs held by other organizations with goals of furthering the cause of helping abused women and children. 13.To maintain an accepting and non-judgmental atmosphere where women and children can feel peace and security. 14. To perform all these objectives without bias and with sincerity. Strategies: 1. Acquiring a spacious lot in a concealed area where it can not be easily located. 2. Erecting a small clinic and two low-rise dormitories inside this lot. 3. Asking for volunteer health workers to constantly man the clinic 24/7 through shifting schedules. 4. Inviting volunteer psychologist and psychiatrist to join the organization. 5. Ensuing donations from private organizations and individuals to help fund the organization.6. Enlisting for grants for various charitable organizations. 7. Welcoming legal counsels to impart their expertise for the organization for free. 8. Collaborating with other organizations with the same objectives. 9 . Coordinating with the proper institute when reporting incidences of abuse. 10. Distributing leaflets, brochure, and fliers to inform people of the organizationââ¬â¢s existence. 11. Enlisting the help of a self-defense instructor to hold free self-defense classes for women and children who wants to learn how to protect their selves. 12.Conducting seminars, approximately once a month about the early signs of abuse, and the different types of abuse. 13. Carrying out out-reach programs to help those women and children who can not afford to get out of their rural settlements, at least once a month. 14. Involving the community and making people aware about the reality of abuse. 15. Coordinating with the proper authorities when carrying out rescue missions. IV. Values Statement Values: 1. The organization would not involve itself in any malicious transactions that would put the women and children in its care in danger. a.In every organization, we can not prevent any illegal transactio ns that might put the charges or the organization in danger, intentionally or unintentionally. To prevent this, any transactions, business or personal (that directly affects the Organization) should undergo a thorough evaluation by a designated committee. 2. The employees and volunteers should always be discreet in dealing with their charges. a. We value anonymity of the charges and we encourage each and every one to be always aware of this, and NEVER divulge any information about the charges, inside or outside of the organization.This may endanger the lives of the charges, as well as the Organization. 3. Information about the women and children who sought help would always remain confidential, unless divulge by the victims themselves. a. In reference to Value No. 2, this is in connection to anonymity. 4. The organization does not allow its employees or volunteers to be romantically linked with anyone of their charges. a. Getting too attached with a charge is not encourages, even mo re so having a romantic relationship with them. This may lead to conflict of interest and surging or emotions at the wrong places at the wrong time.This may also lead to decisions based on feelings, not through reason. 5. The organization would not accept any donations or contributions that would demand the organization to act against its values. a. In reference to Value No. 1, any transactions (even if its donations) that demands the organization to act against its values and its members to go against the Code of Ethics should be immediately rejected. 6. The organization would not employ judgment towards its charges, or anyone in particular. a. Judging other people, especially the charges and commenting on their situation might aggravate their feelings more or vice versa.The personnel are encouraged to maintain a neutral point of view and avoid giving unsolicited remarks. 7. The organization would remain devoted to its vision and mission statements. a. Vision and Mission statements are created for a purpose, to give the Organization a definite direction with regards to operation, goal, management and service. Every action of every member of the Organization should always put the core statements in their minds. 8. The organization would continue to provide care without asking for any monetary compensation. a. The Organization proudly offers free services to abused women and children.Every member should always maintain this service, and not ask for any monetary or anything in payment for the services provided. 9. The organization would uphold professionalism and decency when dealing with people inside and outside of the organization. a. Professionalism and decency of an Organizationââ¬â¢s personnel, reflects the core values of the Organization. Therefore, if the members of the Organization demonstrate good attitude, then they are giving out good word about the Organization. V. Code of Ethics. List your organizationââ¬â¢s code of ethics, with a minimum of ten items.How does the code inspire a tangible outcome from the employees? How is it related to the mission and values of the organization? 1. Integrity a. The Integrity of every individual is important, for his or her own self-preservation, and the Organizationââ¬â¢s benefit as well. A person with Integrity would make sure to follow the core values of the Organization, and would not engage in any malicious transactions that would cause the collapse of the Organization. An Organization with Integrity would gain more trust from the public and would gain more sponsors and donations for its cause.2. Loyalty to the Mission and Vision of the Organization a. Adhering to the core statement of the Organization would give the members a definite direction and purpose for all their actions. 3. Right people at the right position a. In every Organization, placing the right people at the right positions is very integral for the Organizationââ¬â¢s success. Choices should be made accordingly to a pre-set criterion that would be presented by a committee. 4. Law ââ¬âabiding a. It is always important for every Organization to get the support of the Law.Therefore, the Organization should ALWAYS keep into mind the laws that govern the location, the practices, and the methods that are to be used and exercised. The Organization should not be involved in any lawsuit or whatsoever questioning its standards and services. 5. Prudence a. In making decisions, it is always advisable to exercise Prudence. Caution saves a lot of trouble. 6. Honesty a. Honesty is always the best policy. The Organization encourages its members to be always honest with their intention, feelings, or apprehensions that would be properly addressed by a committee.7. Efficiency and Effect a. In every service that the Organization offers, time management that shows efficiency and effectively addressing the issue is of utmost importance. Sometimes, in this life-saving business, being efficient could save mor e and more lives. 8. Dedicated a. The Organization fosters dedication to their job. Dedicated personnel would do anything in his or her power to achieve whatever is needed for a certain situation. Having a pool of dedicated people always makes an Organization climb to success. 9. Respect a.Respect begets respect. 10. Legitimacy a. The legitimacy of the transactions should always be thoroughly reviewed by a committee to avoid problems with the law. The legitimacy of the Organization should also be prioritized, as every public individual or organization that are willing to donate for the SHIELD Us cause, deserves the truth and no horseplay from the organization. 11. Anonymity a. Maintaining the anonymity of its charges is a prime concern for the Organization. VI. Organizational Culture: What type of culture do you plan to foster and how?How will the culture institutionalize the organizationââ¬â¢s values? An accepting, unbiased and utilitarian culture would be most apt for the Organ ization to develop. Since the Organization deals with very fragile and very personal issues, an accepting non-judgmental culture and point of view of personnel working within the Organization, would be better to foster trust, and improvement of the chargesââ¬â¢ condition. The Organizationââ¬â¢s values state that each personnel should always be careful of the feelings of each member of the Organization, especially the chargesââ¬â¢ feelings.The Organization aims to develop a conducive environment for the victims to pick their selves up from despair, and a warm, friendly, non-judgmental and safe environment is the best way to achieve it. To be able to foster this culture, there should be a committee assigned to relate specific rules and regulations, and the personnel should undergo orientation and training, for them to be better equipped in dealing with one another, and their charges. VII. Leadership: What approach to leadership will you take? How will you develop and maintain organizational culture as a leader?What is your moral responsibility as a leader? A democratic leader, dedicated and who firmly believes in the cause of the Organization, would be the better approach. A democratic style of leadership would better foster trust and camaraderie among the higher positions and the lower positions. A democratic leader, who is open to suggestions, to criticisms and to change, a leader who is willing to listen to his or her subordinates and to his or her charges (the victims) on ways in which to improve the Organization.This type of leader would easily know the concerns surrounding the Organization, since he or she would convene his or her members frequently and create a platform of open discussion of any apprehensions. However, a democratic leader should also decide by himself if the suggestions are appropriate and for the betterment of the service the Organization provides. Disregarding his pride and previous decisions, a democratic leader should abide b y the values of the Organization, and submit himself to the Code of Ethics. A leader should be the model of everything good within the organization.He or she must encompass in himself the core values and practice it professionally and personally. VIII. Oversight: How will you measure your organizationââ¬â¢s performance in maintaining an ethical standard? What structures or systems will you put in place for oversight? The Organization would be better equipped in the realization of its core statement and values by placing committees designated to follow through each function of every department. This would help measure the organizationââ¬â¢s performance in maintaining an ethical standard. These committees would create criteria that would place firm rules and regulations in place.These rules and regulations should be followed by all members of the Organization, regardless of their positions. It should apply to everyone and not only to the select few. Also, these committees should take it upon themselves not to be influenced by power, by position or by self biases. IX. Conclusion In building an organization, ethical principles and values are the most important. Since it deals with peopleââ¬â¢s attitude and this dictates the working environment. Inculcating values in each and every one of the members of the Organization is not that easy, and admittedly, this takes a lot of time and effort.There may be cases that one member may not conform with the Organizationââ¬â¢s policies and standards ââ¬â this should be handled discreetly by committees designated for such function. A non-government, non-profit organization gets funding from donations and solicitations to people and to big companies; raises money through fund raisings and participates for grants and charitable awards ââ¬â to be able to qualify for these things, the Organization needs to be a trustworthy organization solely devoted to their cause and has strict adherence to their code of cond uct.For an organization to raise funds and sustain the organization, it must maintain a CLEAN REPUTATION, and must show improvement and eagerness to help accordingly. Therefore, observing zealously the values statement, the core statement and the code of ethics of the Organization is very significant to achieve its vision in the near future. References Independent Sector 5. Statement of Values and Code of Ethics for Nonprofit and Philanthropic Organizations. February 3, 2004. www. independentsector. org. Please add your textbook hereâ⬠¦ do not use websites like what you did with your first paper, I saw it in your fax =)
Sunday, September 15, 2019
Conflict Management Plan Essay
Competing The strength maybe that one person will see the benefits.The weakness will be that the other person in the issue will not benefit the same or at all at the other person in the situation and does not consider the other in the situations. Collaborating The strength is when both parties involved in the issue propose to solve the problem by discussing the differences rather than by accommodating, therefore they benefit from the results.The weakness maybe if both parties agree to re solve the issue but cannot discuss the differences in their issues. Avoiding The strength is when the parties try to move on from the issue and not cause a big deal over it.The weakness maybe that by dismissing the issue; it will never get resolved. Accommodating The strength is when one party involve is willing to be the bigger person and let the other party involve win the situation, in order to keep the peace.The weakness maybe that the person who is willing to let the other win the issue. They will never resolve the issue between them and it is possible that it can be brought up in another situation. Compromising The strength can be that the issue will be solved and both parties neither win nor lose.The weakness maybe that both parties have to give up something in order for the issue to be resolved. Also, both parties to the issue will have incomplete satisfaction. 2.Which of the available conflict management strategies is most appropriate for the current situation with David and James? Provide your rationale, including what factors you considered in making your selection. Your response should be at least 100 words. In James and David situation, the most appropriate conflict management strategy will be the Collaborating and Compromising strategy. According to Robbins and Judge (2011), collaborating is when both individuals involved are in the agreement to solve the conflict in order to make each individual involved happy. It is believed that David and James should talk about the issue and try get to the bottom of where the issue or conflict began. Therefore, when James and David come to an agreement to collaborate and solve the issue, both can be happy with the outcome because not one or the other made the choice alone; it was a team effort. In addition, using the compromising strategy has some similar effects to the collaborating strategy, however, in this case there is no win or lose situation. Both James and David will have to compromise in making a decision in which will not benefit them both, but it will solve the issue. 3. If the selected strategy is not successful, what is your alternate strategy? Provide your rationale for this selection. Your response should be at least 100 words. In James and David situation if the first strategies do not work, the second appropriate conflict management strategy would be to use the accommodating strategy. Robbins and Judge (2011) states that, accommodating is when individual involved in the conflict put the best interest of the other party before themselves. This strategy may be tricky because in order for this to work, David or James will have to make a choice to put the other person in front of themselves. As a result, this strategy can strengthen James and David friendship because they will see that no matter what, one of them is willing to accommodate the other in order to keep the peace. 4.What potential road blocks might be encountered in resolving the conflict? How would you address these? Your response should be at least 100 words. 5. In James and David Situation the potential road blocks that might be encountered are communication, structure and personal variable. Robbins and Judge (2011) states that, communication, structure and personal variables my not directly lead to conflict however they are necessary in order for conflict to arise. When there is not communication between to individuals problems will arise. Moreover, I would address the issue by using one of the conflict resolution strategies such as the collaborating. I would set James and David to communicate with each other and discuss the issue and try to resolve it amongst each other. Hope the outcomes between both individual is to resolve the conflict. Reference Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. University of Phoenix. (2012). University of Phoenix Material: Conflict Management Plan Plan. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, MGT/311 ââ¬â ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT website. University of Phoenix. (2012). Riordan Manufacturing Virtual Organization [Multimedia]. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, MGT/311 Organizational Development website.
Saturday, September 14, 2019
Difficult Relationships Between Adults And Children Essay
In many of the stories, the writers describe difficult relationships between adults and children. Compare the relationships that the writers present to the reader in two stories and explore the ways the relationships between the adults and children change as the stories develop. In this essay, I will be exploring the relationships between adults and children in ââ¬Å"Flightâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Your Shoesâ⬠. It seems to me that both stories have children and adults that are in similar positions. The content and style of the stories are similar in some ways and different in other ways. For example, the main problem in both stories is the daughter leaving home for the first time. Another example of a difference is ââ¬Å"Flightâ⬠is written in third-person whereas ââ¬Å"Your Shoesâ⬠is not. ââ¬Å"Your Shoesâ⬠is a story told from the perspective of a mother who has suffered a great loss, as her daughter has run away. She seems to be forced to realise that she is very upset with aspects of her life. The mother is writing a letter to her daughter describing all the unhappy things that have happened to her. For example, her childhood and details of her marriage. All this seems to stem from the fact that her mother has recently died. ââ¬Å"Flightâ⬠is a story about leaving home and becoming independent. The story tells of an old man who keeps birds and seems to be very protective of his last granddaughter. He has seen his other granddaughters leave home, marry, and grow up. He seems to be slightly jealous of Steven who is Aliceââ¬â¢s boyfriend. In the story, the birds seem to symbolise the granddaughter. This also could be interpreted as the birds symbolising how the grandfather would like the granddaughter to be like. In the end, the grandfather lets the granddaughter go and this is symbolised in the release of his favourite pigeon. It seems to me that the relationship in ââ¬Å"Flightâ⬠between Alice and her grandfather is quite close. I think this because both seem to have a mutual understanding of each other. One example of this would be Steven giving a pigeon to the grandfather. I think this is the case, as I donââ¬â¢t think Steven would have given a bird to the granddad on his own accord. Therefore, this would mean Alice thoughtfully made Steven give the bird to show the granddad that he could look after the bird instead of her. ââ¬Å"Your shoesâ⬠is quite different. The author of ââ¬Å"Your shoesâ⬠has developed the mothers character in such a way the reader can get a real good insight in what the mother is thinking. This gives us much more detail then anything we got from the Grandfather in ââ¬Å"Flightâ⬠. The mother seems to the reader frustrated that people donââ¬â¢t act in the ââ¬Å"properâ⬠way. In the end the mother is left holding her daughters shoes as if they were her substitute. This is quite an extreme from the reaction the grandfather took as he was able to let her daughter take ââ¬Å"flightâ⬠. During both stories, the relationships between the adults and the children all seem to mature for better or worse. In ââ¬Å"flightâ⬠the relationship between Alice and her Granddad all changes when Steven presents a pigeon to the granddad. The Granddad seems get a revelation and changes his view on the relationship between Steven and Alice. He accepts the fact that his little granddaughter has grown up. This is symbolised in him releasing his favourite pigeon. In ââ¬Å"Your Shoesâ⬠we can not see the relationship at first hand but from the detailed insights from the mother we can assume a lot of things. I think that the relationship between mother and daughter was never very strong. Firstly, the daughter who was very fond of her grandmother had died. The mother detested her own mother and we assume that it must have hurt that her daughter preferred her Grandmother to herself. Then finally the daughter running away seems to symbolise there whole relationship. This is quite somewhat different from ââ¬Å"Flightâ⬠as mother in ââ¬Å"Your Shoesâ⬠seems to go mad, in the end sucking on her daughters shoelaces. In conclusion, both stories seem to have similar relationships at the starting of the story as the children want to grow up. Then both relationships shoot off in different directions, as the mother in ââ¬Å"Your shoesâ⬠was unable to let go while the Grandfather in ââ¬Å"Flightâ⬠let his granddaughter free.
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